An Overview of Traffic Accident Detection System using IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 789
An Overview of Traffic Accident Detection System using IoT
Muthulakshmi K1 Thulasimani K2 Sathya M3
1.3 P. G. Student, Department of Computer Engineering, GCE, Tirunelveli, TamilNadu, India
2Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, GCE, Tirunelveli, TamilNadu, India
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Abstract -Vehicle accidents have become one of the major
issues, which cause the death of many people around the
globe. One of the most important steps is to provide the
victim with immediate, adequate medical care. Although the
concept of vehicle accident detection is not new one now-a-
days. But, in automobile industry has achieved significant
advancements in technology optimization. The accident
location is determined using the accelerometer. The issue
will be corrected and the code created to launch the
notification and SMS alert will run if the values of the x, y,
and z parameters are greater than the defined values.
Accidents are automatically detected based on GPS
information and the location is quickly transmitted to
nearby hospitals, police station and frequently called
relatives. The main advantages of this system is low cost,
ease of implementation, use and processing speed, high
accuracy, and confidence .
Keywords: Accelerometer, GPS, Technology, Accident,
Victim
1. INTRODUCTION
A network of uniquely identifiable embedded
computing devices connected to an existing Internet
infrastructure is referred to as the Internet-of-Things
(IoT). In addition to Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
communication, the Internet of Things enables a complex
device, system, and service connectivity often across
multiple protocols, domains, and applications. Almost all
automation sectors leverage the interconnection of these
embedded devices like including smart objects, enabling
cutting-edge applications like a Smart Grid. In the context
of the Internet of Things, the term "Things" can refer to a
wide range of gadgets, including implanted heart
monitors, biochip transponders on farm animals, electric
clams in coastal waters, cars with built-in sensors, or field
operation devices that help firefighters with search and
rescue missions. Thermostats and washers and dryers
with Wi-Fi capabilities are used for communication
purpose.
2. EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES
Numerous methodologies, algorithms, and
technologies are available to automatically detect traffic
incidents. Every system has advantages and
disadvantages. And the proposed technologies or methods
are accurately identified the automatic traffic accident
detection in a particular location.
2.1. Gaussian Mixture Model
[1] The model for real-time traffic accident
detection is proposed by Zu Hao et al. and this method
uses the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to identify
vehicles and then tracks the identified vehicles using the
Mean Shift method. This process handles occlusion during
collision very well and significant attenuation. In
unpredictable traffic flow and bad weather conditions, it
depends on several parameters.
2.2. Internet of Things and GPS
[2] Eli Nasr, Eli Kfuri, and David Khoury proposed
a public safety agency model using the Internet of Things
and GPS. This method uses public safety agencies,
emergency services, the Internet of Things, sensors, and
geographic coordinates. It is the purpose of this document
to detect incidents and notify relevant public safety
authorities. It detects impact using airbag deployment or
collision sensors. The downside to this strategy is that it
only informs drivers of vehicles equipped with airbags and
impact sensors in the event of an accident. Accident
detection is unreliable due to high false positive rates.
2.3. Alcohol Sensor with Arduino Nano
[3] Prevent traffic accidents using alcohol
detectors and accelerometer modules. Using an alcohol
sensor with an Arduino Nano is a suggested from Ahmar
Zam and Kshitiya Ku Mar Singh. Short Message Service
(SMS) notifications are sent through GSM modems, which
stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. A
CPU fan (Central Processing Unit), LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display), and GPS (Global Positioning System) are used to
simulate a car engine. An alcohol reading device is suitable
for this method of detecting alcohol absorption through
breath odor. Driver is very sensitive to alcohol and
exhibits some behavioral anomalies when exposed to
benzene. Alcohol reading devices measure the same
output impedance as maintained by alcohol absorption. In
GSM module, the incident detector and alarm system and
the mobile phone communicate via the GSM module.

The scene of the accident is located and tracked
by the GPS which sends microwave signals to satellites as
well. Compare to the previous method that the author's
main focus is on vehicle speed. But Ahmar Azam and
Kshitiya Kumar Singh weren't just concerned with vehicle
speed in this strategy. They also looked for signs that the
driver was intoxicated.
2.4. Support Vector Machine
[4] Traffic accidents are predicted, G. Liang
developed automatic traffic accident detection using a
Support Vector Machine (SVM) modified with ACA (Ant
Colony Algorithm). In this case, Internet of Things
platforms are typically retired as the basis for intelligent
transportation. The author are used wireless technology
and RFID technology and also used tests based on real-
world traffic data to predict seven types of crashes: vehicle
crashes, person-traffic crashes, vehicle crashes, traffic
streams, accidents, crowd traffic accidents - standard
traffic accidents, and bad track conditions. They noticed
that the ACA-corrected SVM could combine the data at a
faster rate and the mean squared error (MSE) was smaller
compared to the simple SVM. The ant colony algorithm
was used effectively.
2.5.MEMS (Micro Electro- Mechanical System)
[5] Varsha Goud has presented a model that uses
an ARM controller, a MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical
System), a vibration measuring device, GPS, and GSM to
identify accidents and deliver the alarm message to the
traffic control room and a rescue squad. When there is a
little disaster or no serious risk to anyone's life, they
employ a switch to end the alarm message. They used GSM
technology for wireless communication and GPS
technology to determine the location. They claim that in
another technique, only accidents detect and send alarm
messages automatically, but in this approach, alert
messages are detected and sent automatically in addition
to accidents rather than being terminated by a switch
2.6.Deep Learning Model
[6] Nimish Agarwal and colleagues suggested a
Deep Learning model. This approach depended on
cameras for fast detection because GPS devices require
time to depict the effects of an accident on the road. This
model was developed using two ways. They initially used
the learning approach to hone state-of-the-art deep
learning models that had been pre transferred on the
traffic dataset. Second, it created a unique dataset using
web crawling (the Bing image search API) to enhance the
system's usefulness. Different datasets are required for
picture classification. The other datasets are Accident,
Crash, Concentrated Traffic, and Sparse Traffic.
2.7. Image handling and Machine learning
[7] V. Ravindran et al. employed image handling
and machine learning approaches to recognize damaged
automobiles from static images obtained from observation
cameras installed in streets and roads to automatically
detect traffic accidents. Here, five Support Vector
Machines (SVM) that were trained on the HOG and GLCM
geographics are combined into a single frame to see
accidents from the static image. The first step entails
putting up a novel technique for automatically locating
traffic accidents. The second stage entails a supervised
learning strategy that detects scratched cars as standing
images, a period of items that have not yet been studied
using machine vision methods. Two free datasets of
damaged cars, DCD-1 (Damaged Cars Dataset-1) and DCD-
2 (Damaged Cars), are included in the final stage. These
datasets were modified based on the quality and distance
of the photos they contained. When Damaged Cars
Dataset-1 was captured at a distance of about 2 meters
using good excellence, the system's accuracy was 82%;
when Damaged Cars Dataset-2 was caught at a distance of
about 20 meters using a common feature, it was 64%. The
machine vision technique was successful in locating
damaged vehicles. The main drawback of this study is that
it doesn't recognize seriously damaged autos.
2.8. Intelligent Transportation model
[8[ An Intelligent Transportation model for Smart City
Atmospheres has been proposed by Fizzah Bhatti et al.
IoT-enabled ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) is
receiving the essential attention in research and
development and is believed to improve road safety in
intelligent cities. Information and communication
technologies (ICT) are used to make sure that rescue
efforts are quick and effective. ICT is used for efficient and
timely rescue operations. They employed GPS, or the
Global Navigation Satellite System, in this model to
pinpoint their location. This strategy uses databases for
hospitals and used cars to collect data. The accident
detection components in this study include the
accelerometer sensor on a smart phone, GPS, pressure
sensor, and the microphone on a smart phone.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
There are so many cases in which it is difficult to
rescue victims on time due to accidents occurring at night
or in remote places where people cannot be heard. As a
result, many people die. This device solves the above
problem by sending data to emergency services
immediately after an accident.

3.1.Working principle
In this work, Arduino Mega microcontroller is
used for implementation. The Arduino Mega
microcontroller is derived from the car's cigarette lighter
socket (CLR). Gyro sensors and vibrations are used to
monitor the condition of the vehicle. The microcontroller
determines the vehicle's location from GPS in the event of
an accident and passes the information to GSM.
Information is transmitted via GSM to emergency
response agencies. The GPS returns data after receiving
the location of the accident vehicle.
A WhatsApp message with this information will
be sent to that phone number. The channel's Internet
connection is used to receive this message. These
messages contain latitude and longitude information and
use the values to estimate vehicle position. As a token of
appreciation to the user, the Emergency Response Service
sends a WhatsApp message.
Respond by sending a WhatsApp message to your mobile
device to acknowledge receipt. Then take further action.
3.2. Block Diagram
Fig.1 Flowchart for Accident Detection System using
IoT
3.3. System Implementation
Fig 2. Block Diagram
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based
on the ATmega328P. It has a 16MHz quartz crystal, 6
analog inputs, a USB port, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs). There are also 14 digital inputs/outputs.
Accelerometer A sensor is a device that measures
the acceleration of a person or object while momentarily
stationary. This is not coordinate acceleration.
Accelerometer sensors are used in many electronic
devices, such as smart phones and wear ables.
Identify emergencies and send instant messages
using GSM and GPS technology. The exact location,
altitude, distance, and direction of the accident are
determined by GPS satellites. Typical microcontroller-
based traffic sensing and communication devices use
infrared sensors to identify objects. In the event of an
accident, the gadget uses a GPS module to determine the
longitude and latitude of the point of the accident. When
the vehicle is in the location it came from, call the
emergency room.
Fig -3:Arduino UNO Fig -4:Accelerometer
Fig -5: GPS Fig -6:GSM

4. CONCLUSIONS
The number of people killed or injured in car
accidents is growing rapidly. Had the victims been rescued
immediately, many lives could have been saved. We
looked at different tactics for detecting and preventing
accidents. These methods used various sensors such as
accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS in Gaussian mixture
models to detect accidents.
The proposed method is the most practical alternative to
the poor quality emergency care provided to road traffic
accident victims. When an incident does occur, this
technology can be used to alert the right people with a
message so they can act quickly.
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