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Agile tutorial
- 2. Agile i AbouttheTutorial Agile is a software development methodology to build a software incrementally using short iterations of 1 to 4 weeks so that the development is aligned with the changing business needs. This simple tutorial uses appropriate examples to help you understand agile development in a general and quick way. Audience This tutorial has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the basics of Agile principles and its implementation. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise, from where you can advance further. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you need a basic knowledge of software development concepts such as software requirements, coding, testing, etc. Copyright&Disclaimer Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com
- 3. Agile ii TableofContents About the Tutorial....................................................................................................................................i Audience..................................................................................................................................................i Prerequisites............................................................................................................................................i Copyright & Disclaimer.............................................................................................................................i Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................ii 1. AGILE – PRIMER...................................................................................................................1 Roles in Agile...........................................................................................................................................1 Cross-functional Team.............................................................................................................................2 How an Agile Team Plans its Work? ........................................................................................................3 What is a User Story?..............................................................................................................................3 Relationship of User Stories and Tasks....................................................................................................3 When a Story is Done..............................................................................................................................4 What is Acceptance Criteria?...................................................................................................................4 How the Requirements are Defined? ......................................................................................................4 2. AGILE – MANIFESTO............................................................................................................5 Twelve Principles of Agile Manifesto.......................................................................................................5 3. AGILE – CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................7 Iterative/incremental and Ready to Evolve .............................................................................................7 Face-to-face Communication...................................................................................................................7 Feedback Loop ........................................................................................................................................7 4. AGILE – DAILY STAND-UP.....................................................................................................8 What is Daily Stand-up? ..........................................................................................................................8 Why Stand-up is Important? ...................................................................................................................8 Who Attends a Stand-up? .......................................................................................................................8
- 4. Agile iii Geographically Dispersed Teams.............................................................................................................9 5. AGILE – DEFINITION OF DONE...........................................................................................10 User Story .............................................................................................................................................10 Iteration................................................................................................................................................10 Release..................................................................................................................................................10 6. AGILE – RELEASE PLANNING..............................................................................................11 Release Planning...................................................................................................................................11 Who is Involved?...................................................................................................................................11 Prerequisites of Planning ......................................................................................................................12 Materials Required................................................................................................................................12 Planning Data........................................................................................................................................12 Output ..................................................................................................................................................12 Agenda..................................................................................................................................................13 7. AGILE – ITERATION PLANNING ..........................................................................................15 Iteration Planning .................................................................................................................................15 Who is Involved?...................................................................................................................................15 Prerequisites of Planning ......................................................................................................................15 Planning Process ...................................................................................................................................16 Velocity Calculation...............................................................................................................................16 Task Capacity ........................................................................................................................................16 Planning Steps.......................................................................................................................................16 8. AGILE – PRODUCT BACKLOG..............................................................................................18 Product Backlog ....................................................................................................................................18 Why Product Backlog is Important? ......................................................................................................18 Characteristics of Product Backlog ........................................................................................................18
- 5. Agile iv 9. AGILE – USEFUL TERMS.....................................................................................................19
- 6. Agile 5 Agile is a software development methodology to build a software incrementally using short iterations of 1 to 4 weeks so that the development process is aligned with the changing business needs. Instead of a single-pass development of 6 to 18 months where all the requirements and risks are predicted upfront, Agile adopts a process of frequent feedback where a workable product is delivered after 1 to 4-week iteration. RolesinAgile ScrumMaster A Scrum Master is a team leader and facilitator who helps the team members to follow agile practices so that they can meet their commitments. The responsibilities of a scrum master are as follows: To enable close co-operation between all roles and functions. To remove any blocks. To shield the team from any disturbances. 1. AGILE – PRIMER
- 7. Agile 6 To work with the organization to track the progress and processes of the company. To ensure that Agile Inspect & Adapt processes are leveraged properly which includes o Daily stand-ups, o Planned meetings, o Demo, o Review, o Retrospective Meetings, and o To facilitate team meetings and decision-making process. ProductOwner A Product Owner is the one who drives the product from business perspective. The responsibilities or a Product Owner are as follows: To define the requirements and prioritize their values. To determine the release date and contents. To take an active role in iteration planning and release planning meetings. To ensure that team is working on the most valued requirement. To represent the voice of the customer. To accept the user stories that meet the definition of done and defined acceptance criteria. Cross-functionalTeam Every agile team should be a self-sufficient team with 5 to 9 team members and an average experience ranging from of 6 to 10 years. Typically, an agile team comprises of 3 to 4 developers, 1 tester, 1 technical lead, 1 product owner and 1 scrum master.
- 8. Agile 7 Product Owner and Scrum master are considered to be a part of Team Interface, whereas other members are part of Technical Interface. HowanAgileTeamPlansitsWork? An Agile team works in iterations to deliver user stories where each iteration is of 10 to 15 days. Each user story is planned based on its backlog prioritization and size. The team uses its capacity − how many hours are available with team to work on tasks − to decide how much scope they have to plan. Point A Point defines how much a team can commit. A point usually refers to 8 hours. Each story is estimated in points. Capacity Capacity defines how much an individual can commit. Capacity is estimated in hours.
- 9. Agile 8 WhatisaUserStory? A user story is a requirement which defines what is required by the user as functionality. A user story can be in two forms: As a <User Role> I want <Functionality> so that <Business Value> In order to <Business value> as a <User Role> I want <Functionality> During release planning, a rough estimate is given to a user story using relative scale as points. During iteration planning, the story is broken down into tasks. RelationshipofUserStoriesandTasks User story talks about what is to be done. It defines what a user needs. Task talks about how it is to be done. It defines how a functionality is to be implemented. Stories are implemented by tasks. Each story is a collection of tasks. User story is divided into tasks when it is planned in current iteration. Tasks are estimated in hours, typically from 2 to 12 hours.
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