A&D - Object Oriented Design using UML
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This document provides an overview of object-oriented design (OOD) using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines key OOD concepts like entity objects, interface objects, control objects, and persistence classes. It also describes design relationships like dependency and navigability. The document outlines the process of OOD including refining use cases, modeling object interactions, identifying object states and responsibilities, and updating class diagrams. It provides examples of UML diagrams used in design like sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams.
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A&D - Object Oriented Design using UML
- 1. Object Oriented Design with UML Organized By: Vinay Arora Assistant Professor, CSED, Thapar University www.slideshare.net/aroravinay
- 2. Disclaimer This is NOT A COPYRIGHT MATERIAL Content has been taken mainly from the following books: System Analysis and Design Methods By Jeffrey L Whitten & Lonnie D Bentley , Analysis & Design of Information Systems By James A. Senn, System Analysis & Design By Elias M. Awad, Modern System Analysis & Design By Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F.George & Joseph S. Valacich
- 3. Object Oriented Design Object-Oriented Design (OOD) – An approach used to specify the software solution in terms of collaborating objects, their attributes, and their methods. Continuation of Object-Oriented Analysis
- 4. Design Object Types Entity Object – An Object that contains business-related information that is typically persistent and stored in a database. ENTITY OBJECT
- 5. Design Object Types Interface Object – An Object that provides the means by which an actor can interface with the system. Examples include a window, dialogue box or screen. For nonhuman actors, an Application Program Interface (API) is the interface object. INTERFACE OBJECT
- 6. Design Object Types Control Object – An Object that contains application logic that isn’t the responsibility of an entity object. Examples of such logic are business rules and calculations that involve multiple objects. Control Objects coordinate messages between interface objects and entity objects and the sequences in which the messages occur. CONTROL OBJECT
- 7. Design Object Types Persistence Class – An Object Class that provides functionality to read and write persistent attributes in a database. System Class – An Object Class that handles Operating System specific functionality.
- 8. Design Relationships - Dependency A dependency relationship is used to model the association between two classes: To indicate that when a change occurs in one class, it may affect the other class. To indicate the association between a persistent class and a transient class. Interface classes typically are transient Illustrated with a dashed arrow The Order Display Window is an interface class. It is dependent on the Order Processor class to respond to events initiated from the interface.
- 9. Design Relationships - Navigability Classes with associations can navigate (send messages) to each other. By default the associations are bidirectional. Sometimes you want to limit the message sending to only one direction. Illustrated with an arrow pointing in the direction a message can be sent. Given a User, you can find that user’s current password for authentication. But given a password, you cannot find the corresponding user.
- 10. Attribute and Method Visibility Visibility – The level of access an external object . Public attributes/methods - Denoted by the symbol + Protected attributes/methods - Denoted by the symbol # Private attributes/methods - Denoted by the symbol – Method – The Software Logic that is executed in response to a message.
- 11. Object Responsibilities Object Responsibility – The Obligation that an object has to provide a service when requested and thus collaborate with other objects to satisfy the request if required. An object responsibility is implemented by the creation of methods that may have to collaborate with other objects and methods.
- 12. Object Responsibility 1: Message to request to display a customer’s order information 2: Message to Customer Order request customer information Customer submits Order 1 0..* 8: Display customer order 1 3: Return customer information 4: Message to 7: Return all product request all products information that an order contains 6: Return detailed product information 1..* Member Ordered Product is for Product 0..* 1 5: Message to request detailed product information
- 13. The Process of Object-Oriented Design Refining the use case model to reflect the implementation environment. Modeling object interactions and behavior that support the use case scenario. Updating the object model to reflect the implementation environment.
- 14. Refining The Use Case Model Step 1: Transforming the “Analysis” Use Cases to “Design” Use Cases Step 2: Updating the Use Case Model Diagram and Other Documentation to Reflect any New Use Cases
- 15. Design Use Case
- 16. Design Use Case (continued)
- 17. Design Use Case (continued)
- 18. Design Use Case (concluded)
- 19. Modeling Object Interactions and Behaviors Step 1: Identify and Classify Use-Case Design Objects Step 2: Identify Object Attributes Step 3: Model High-Level Object Interactions Step 4: Identify Object States, Behaviors, and Responsibilities Step 5: Model Detailed Object Interactions
- 20. Identify and Classify Use-Case Design Objects
- 21. Model High-Level Interactions with Object Robustness Diagrams Control object Actors may interact with the system via coordinates messages interface objects sent to the entity objects
- 22. Identify Object States, Behaviors & Responsibilities Analyze the use cases to identify required system behaviors Associate behaviors and responsibilities with objects Examine object model for additional behaviors Verify classifications
- 23. Identify Object States, Behaviors & Responsibilities
- 25. Examine Class Diagram to Discover Additional Behaviors
- 26. State and Diagramming State Object State – A Condition of the object at one point in its lifetime. State Transition Event – An Occurrence that triggers a change in an object’s state through the updating of one or more of its attribute values. State Chart Diagram – A UML diagram that depicts The Combination of states that an object can assume during its lifetime The Events that trigger transitions between states The Rules governing the from and to states an object may transition
- 29. Verifying Object Behavior and Collaboration Role Playing – The Act of Simulating Object Behavior And Collaboration by acting out an object’s behaviors and responsibilities. Participants may assume the role of an actor on an object type Message sending is simulated by using an item such as a ball that is passed between the participants. Useful for discovering missing objects and behaviors.
- 30. Object Reusability Object Framework – A Set of related, interacting Objects that provide a well-defined set of services for accomplishing a task. Component – A Group of Objects packaged together into one unit. An example of a component is a Dynamic Link Library (DLL) or Executable File.
- 31. Verifying Object Behavior and Collaboration Role Playing – The act of simulating Object behavior and collaboration by acting out an Object’s behaviors and responsibilities. Participants may assume the role of an actor on an object type Message sending is simulated by using an item such as a ball that is passed between the participants. Useful for discovering missing objects and behaviors.
- 32. Modeling Object Interactions for a Use Case Sequence Diagram:– A UML diagram that models the logic of a use case by depicting the interaction of messages between objects in time sequence. Collaboration Diagram:– A UML diagram that models the logic of a use case by depicting the flows of messages between objects in message sequence.
- 34. Updating Object Model to Reflect Implementation Environment Design Class Diagram: – A Diagram that depicts classes that correspond to software components that are used to build the software application. Includes: Classes Associations and gen/spec and aggregation relationships Attributes and attribute-type information Methods with parameters Navigability Dependencies
- 35. Transforming Analysis Class Diagram to Design Class Diagram Add design objects to diagram Add attributes and attribute-type information to design objects Add attribute visibility Add methods to design objects Add method visibility Add association navigability Add dependency relationships
- 36. Partial Design Class Diagram
- 37. Additional UML Design and Implementation Diagrams Activity Diagrams model actions that will be performed when an operation is executing as well as the results of those actions. Component Diagrams graphically depict the physical architecture of the software of the system. They can be used to show how programming code is divided into modules and to depict the dependencies between those components. Deployment Diagrams describe the physical architecture of the hardware and software in the system.
- 40. Reference List 1. System Analysis and Design Methods By Jeffrey L Whitten & Lonnie D Bentley 2. Analysis & Design of Information Systems By James A. Senn 3. System Analysis & Design By Elias M. Awad 4. Modern System Analysis & Design By Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F.George & Joseph S. Valacich etc…….
- 41. Thnx…