A Review Paper on Optimize Yield Production Using Data from Sensors

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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A Review Paper on Optimize Yield Production Using Data from Sensors
Dr Vidya Sarode1, Aditya Patil2, Parmarth Rathod3, Mihir Kulaye4, Ekta Gupta5
1Head of Department Electronics and Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
2,3,4,5 Student, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Agriculture is one of the rare industries where
the technology has not been widely adopted. One of the
reasons for this is the economic situation of most farmers in
India or other developing countries. The shortage of
agricultural products around the world will increase day by
day due to two main factors, namely overpopulation and
urbanization. With overpopulation, the general demand for
agricultural products will increase. Urbanization has led to
a process of converting much agricultural land into non-
agricultural (NA) fields for infrastructure development
near urban areas. In principle, rural areas are declining
significantly from day to day and the share of agriculture is
also decreasing, which can lead to a decline in agricultural
production. Precision farming is an approach whereby
agricultural crops are fed the optimal amount of resources
required by the crop for the precise amount of time. The
traditional irrigation process has a typical time-based
irrigation (irrigation) practice where the farmer irrigates
the crops after a certain period of time (usually a few days).
However, the problem with this approach is that sometimes
the plants do not need water as quickly, which ultimately
leads to water wastage, and sometimes the plants need
water a little sooner.
Key Words: Agriculture, IoT, Machine learning,
Sensors, Optimization, Precision farming
1. INTRODUCTION
The world's population has nearly doubled in the last
century, dramatically increasing the need for food for a
population of over 7 billion people. According to the FAO,
agricultural production must increase by 70% by 2050.
And in order to increase production, plant’s growth must
be maximized. Plant growth depends on several factors
such as Soil characteristics, soil moisture, temperature,
weather, light, etc. In order to manage all the necessary
information and the complexity of plant growth, a system
based on IoT technology and able to measure, analyze and
act is required. IoT is a solution for precision farming. A
precision farming system that is distributed in the field far
from power and communication sources must have low
power consumption and be able to process the
information received and easily send the most relevant
information to the cloud for further statistical analysis.
This system recommends harvests based on detected
parameters using different WSNs. It will be able to
measure the most important parameters for plant growth
through a set of sensors and correct some of these
parameters through actuators if necessary. To overcome
the problems related to agricultural productivity and
processes, precision farming can be used. Precision
farming is about precisely managing fluctuations in the
field to produce more food with fewer resources and lower
overall production costs.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Parameter Monitoring for Precision Agriculture,
Volume II, Issue X, October 2015 IJRSI, Kiruthika,
Shweta Tripathi, Mritunjay Ojha, Kavita S
Precision farming, a technique of applying the right
amount of inputs (water, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) to the
right place and time on a farm to increase production and
thereby improve crop quality, uses other wireless systems.
Precision farming is the ability to manage variations in
productivity within a field and maximize financial returns,
reduce waste and minimize environmental impact through
automated data collection, documentation and use of that
information to make strategic decisions. Precision farming
is defined as a technique that applies the right amount of
inputs. Several techniques are available in Precision
Agriculture (PA) to monitor and control the environmental
parameters required for a particular crop. The use of
wireless sensor networks for large and small areas is
becoming increasingly popular in precision agriculture.
2.2 Application Of Wireless Sensor Networks For
Greenhouse Parameter Control In Precision
Agriculture, International Journal of Wireless &
Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2011
Technological development in wireless sensor networks
enabled their use in monitoring and controlling
greenhouse parameters in precision agriculture. Due to
the uneven natural distribution of rainwater, it is very
important for farmers to monitor and control the
equitable distribution of water to all crops across the farm
or per crop . There is no ideal watering method that is
suitable for all weather conditions, soil structures and

plant types. This article is an attempt to design a WSN
application for controlling and monitoring greenhouse
parameters in the precision farming scenario.
2.3 Environment Monitoring System for Agricultural
Application using IoT and Predicting Crop Yield,Vol-7
Issue-3 2021, Sardendu Pandey , Shubham Kumbhar ,
Shrikant Shirsath , Nikhil Mahajan , J. V. Shinde
Today's Internet is facing an exponential increase in the
number of electronic devices connected over it. Therefore,
the IoT can exchange data between machines, and data
that was previously available on private servers is now
readily available on the Internet for efficient access. This
system shows the increasing use of IoT in surveillance
applications. The core idea is to collect all these
parameters one by one and make the final decision
accordingly. A sensor node must be developed that
collects all necessary resource parameters and then sends
the data to the cloud for further processing.
The basic building blocks of this System are Sensors,
Controllers, and applications. So, the block diagram below
is the proposed model of our project which shows the
interconnection of these blocks. The sensors are
connected to microcontrollers and the sensor data is
displayed on the user's mobile app. Mobile app provides
access to the continuous data from sensors and
accordingly helps farmers to take action to fulfill the
requirements of the soil.
Fig -1: System Architecture
2.4 Intelligent System For Precison Agriculture by
Madalina Mioara Anghelof; George Suciu; Razvan
Craciunescu; Cristina Marghescu Published in: 2020
13th International Conference on Communications
(COMM)
The environmental parameters are measured by various
sensors and based on the data set, the system decides and
controls the appropriate climatic conditions for each crop.
The data is transmitted via the MQTT protocol (Message
Queuing Telemetry Transport) to an Android application
that allows the user to view and configure the
environmental conditions. The proposed greenhouse
monitoring system, based on wireless communication,
consists of several sensors that provide information on
temperature, humidity and light intensity, a database in
which all parameters are stored and a mobile application.
In this work, a smart irrigation and monitoring
greenhouse has been developed, which is a viable and
cost-effective solution that can be implemented at any
scale.
2.5 A Comparative Analysis on Smart Farming
Techniques using Internet of Things (IoT), Pramod
Mathew Jacob, Prasanna M, Parveen Sultana H, VIT
University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Advanced technology is able to automate different phases
of cultivation such as irrigation, fertilization, harvesting
and much more. To make the growing stages smarter, we
use smart sensors on fields to detect water levels, photo
sensors to ensure there is enough sunlight available for
crop growth, sensors to detect nitrogen levels and of
course alert the farmer to take steps to ensure appropriate
fertilization.
Table -1. Summary based on physical and logical
resources used
The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a notable role in all
sectors of the world, such as agriculture, aviation,
transportation, healthcare, etc. Our work addresses the

growth and advancement of IoT-based systems used in
agriculture. It all started with the use of Zigbee-based
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), later followed by
centralized IoT boards and processors like Arduino,
Raspberry PI, etc.They use a wide range of sensors such as
temperature and humidity sensor, light sensor, soil
moisture sensor, pH sensor, PIR motion sensor, etc. The
main challenge for researchers in this field is to develop
more accurate and useful sensors to help in monitoring
the help plant growth.
2.6 Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart
Agriculture, O. Vishali Priya, Dr.R. Sudha Department
of Computer Science, PSG College of Arts & Science,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
The ideas help connect real-world devices equipped with
sensors, actuators and computing power, allowing them to
collaborate on a task while remaining connected to the
Internet, dubbed the "Internet of Things" (IoT). Any aspect
of conventional farming strategy can be changed at a very
simple level by implementing the latest advances in
sensors and IoT in farming practices. Right now, the
constant convergence of wireless sensors and the Internet
of Things in Smart Farming will push farming to
previously unimaginable heights. The IoT can help drive
solutions to various typical farming problems such as
drought response, yield optimization, rationality, water
system, and bother regulation by adopting the principles
of smart farming.
2.7 Smart Farming: IoT Based Smart Sensors
Agriculture Stick for Live Temperature and Moisture
Monitoring using Arduino, Cloud Computing & Solar
Technology, Anand Nayyar, Er. Vikram Puri
This paper is integrated with Arduino technology, a
breadboard combined with various sensors and a live data
stream can be accessed online at Thingsspeak.com. The
proposed product is tested on live agricultural fields and
offers high accuracy of over 98% across all data feeds. The
stick has high efficiency and accuracy in capturing live
data of soil temperature and moisture. The agriculture
stick proposed in this paper will help farmers increase
agricultural yield and take care of food production
efficiently, as the stick always helps farmers to get
accurate live feeding of temperature, environment and soil
moisture with more than 99% accurate results.
3. CONCLUSION
To overcome problems related to agricultural productivity
and process precision farming can be used. Precision
farming is about managing variations in the field
accurately in order to grow more food with fewer
resources and reducing overall production costs. The
current work aims to develop a smart system using
various sensors such as soil moisture sensor, water
sensor, digital humidity and temperature sensor, and
sunlight sensor (LDR Sensor). This sensor senses values
and reports it to the cloud server. Crop recommendation
can be done based on various parameters. This system is
very useful for small farmers as the initial cost is very low.
IoT is used in various agricultural domains to improve
time efficiency, water conservation, crop monitoring, soil
management, bug spray and pesticide safety, and so on. It
also eliminates human labor, deconstructs agricultural
methods, and creates a difference in smart farming
implementation.
REFERENCES
[1] Parameter Monitoring for Precision Agriculture,
Volume II, Issue X, October 2015 IJRSI, Kiruthika,
Shweta Tripathi, Mritunjay Ojha, Kavita S. ISSN 2321 -
2705
[2] APPLICATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR
GREENHOUSE PARAMETER CONTROL IN PRECISION
AGRICULTURE, International Journal of Wireless &
Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 1, February
2011. 10.5121/ijwmn.2011.3113
[3] Environment Monitoring System for Agricultural
Application using IoT and Predicting Crop Yield,Vol-7
Issue-3 2021, Sardendu Pandey , Shubham Kumbhar ,
Shrikant Shirsath , Nikhil Mahajan , J. V. Shinde.
IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396
[4] INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE
by Madalina Mioara Anghelof; George Suciu; Razvan
Craciunescu; Cristina Marghescu Published in: 2020
13th International Conference on Communications
(COMM). 978-1-7281-5611-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
[5] A Comparative Analysis on Smart Farming Techniques
using Internet of Things (IoT), Pramod Mathew Jacob,
Prasanna M, Parveen Sultana H, VIT University,
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Helix Vol. 8(2): 3294-3302
[6] Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart
Agriculture, O. Vishali Priya, Dr.R. Sudha Department
of Computer Science, PSG College of Arts & Science,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
doi:10.3233/APC210176
[7] Smart Farming: IoT Based Smart Sensors Agriculture
Stick for Live Temperature and Moisture Monitoring
using Arduino, Cloud Computing & Solar Technology,
Anand Nayyar, Er. Vikram Puri. DOI:
10.1201/9781315364094-121

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