A CAN BUS BASED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN WIND TURBINE

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
A CAN Bus Based System for Monitoring and Fault
Diagnosis in Wind Turbine
R. Selvamuthukumaran1
, P. Vimal Kumar2
1
P.G. Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract: A CAN based architecture is designed for the purpose of intensive monitoring and fault diagnosis in wind turbine. It
provides a full automation system. CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus is a high speed serial data bus with high transmission rate. CAN
Bus interface technique with an integration of electro-mechanical subsystems that embeds network control systems is proposed along
with ARM controller to monitor and diagnose the problems in the wind turbine application. CAN BUS will enable the data transmission
between two units at the same time without any disturbances. The data transmission time is increased with this CAN protocol. ARM
core1 runs with CAN and LPC2148 as wind turbine unit to which sensors are connected and ARM core2 as Fault diagnose and
monitoring section. A discussion about weather condition (WC) monitoring and generation voltage (GV) display is also added in this
design. Data acquisition node collects the sensor data through CAN protocol. This technique reduces the possibility of fault and increase
the monitoring of wind turbine.
Keywords: CAN Bus, Fault Detection, Diagnosis, Wind Turbine, Automation
1. Introduction
Wind turbines are fault prone, being they deployed in harsh
environment such as desert, plains etc. Apart from that they
are complex electromechanical system that is located far
away from the control centre. So, the chance of fault
occurrence and the side effects will be more, even it leads to
huge havoc. It is necessary to develop a remote monitoring
and fault diagnosis system to monitor the run time status and
the diagnosis of fault to improve the efficiency and the life
time service of the wind turbine. This wind turbine
monitoring system collects the parameters such as Speed,
Temperature, vibration, power, voltage and current.
Depending on the collected data from the monitoring system
analysis is done and the fault diagnosis system makes the
decision of fault location and the type of fault to be occurs in
the wind turbine.
A CAN BUS is a fast serial bus with the speed of 1Mbps
that is designed to provide an efficient, reliable and
economical link between various can system interface,
sensors and actuators. A CAN BUS Protocol using a CAN
Controller (MCP2510) interfaced with a CAN transceiver
(MCP2551) is proposed. CAN bus is one the Field bus
control system used in automation, intelligence and
networking. The fault monitoring unit contains smart
electronic components such as Microcontrollers with ADC,
Temperature sensors, humidity sensor, vibration sensors,
actuators, buzzers, LCD display, GPRS / GSM module.
MCP2510 has two mode of operation which is a default
mode CAN. CAN transceiver is required to shift the voltage
levels of the microcontroller to those appropriate for the
CAN bus. The protocol is also widely used today in
industrial automation and other areas of networked
embedded control, with applications in diverse products
such as production machinery, medical equipment, building
automation, weaving machines, and wheelchairs.
The CAN Bus based system for monitoring and fault
diagnosis which will enable any system to communicate
with other system without putting too much load to the main
controller. The existing fuzzy logic fault diagnosis will to
find the exact fault location using Neural Network Classifier
and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The main objective of
the project is provide full automation system in monitoring
as well as facilitating effective diagnose as required
automatically in the wind turbine. This will be well
advanced, more reliable and faster than the existing fault
monitoring by fuzzy logic technology.
2. Concept of CAN Bus
CAN bus is one the Field bus control system used in
automation, intelligence and networking. CAN protocol
have been designed by Robert Bosch in 1986 for automotive
applications as a method for enabling robust serial
communication. It defines a standard for efficient and
reliable communication between sensor, actuator, controller,
and other nodes in real-time applications. CAN is the de
facto standard in a large variety of networked embedded
control systems. The early CAN development was mainly
supported by the vehicle industry: CAN is found in a variety
of passenger cars, trucks, boats, spacecraft, and other types
of vehicles. The protocol is also widely used today in
industrial automation and other areas of networked
embedded control, with applications in diverse products
such as production machinery, medical equipment, building
automation, weaving machines, and wheelchairs.
In the automotive industry, embedded control has grown
from stand-alone Systems to highly integrated and
Paper ID: OCT141437 2237

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networked control systems. By networking electro-
mechanical subsystems, it becomes possible to modularize
functionalities and hardware, which facilitates reuse and
adds capabilities. The advantage of using CAN bus in the
automation is an added value to the system and increase its
reliability. The purpose of using CAN bus is to enable any
system to communicate with other system without putting
too much load to the main controller.
CAN bus is a fast serial bus with the speed reliable and
economical link between various CAN systems, sensors and
actuators. We use CAN to communicate between the Wind
turbine and the control centre which adopts client/server
frameworks to implement the monitoring and fault diagnosis
system.
3. Fault Detection in Wind Turbine
Fault is defined as the termination of the capability of an
object to complete a function. When a failure occurs inside
the wind turbine, e.g. high oil temperature in gearbox, the
control unit logs the failure directly or registers the
consequences of the fault, and responds referring to the type
of the malfunction. Sometimes, in order to avoid safety
hazards or main system breakdowns, the turbine has to be
shut down. Often they are restarted because of wrong failure
detection, which could be caused by noise within the system,
and therefore these faults are not considered as crucial
problems. If the failure is serious, a visual inspection has to
be made which can be carried out by the operators or by
authorized personnel. Finally whenever a major failure has
happened, a report is documented. Wind turbine rotors are
prone to acquire creep and corrosion fatigue, which can be
observed as cracks and delaminating in the blades.
Moreover, dirt, ice, bird collisions, dampness or
manufacturing defects can cause the rotor blades being
imbalance and having asymmetric aerodynamic. Gear tooth
damages, high speed and low speed shafts faults are the
most common failures in wind turbine gearbox. Typically,
temperature, speed, humidity, voltage and current
measurement is done. Stator, bearing and the rotor inside the
generator are subject to failures. Mostly, the faults in
generators can be detected by current measurement.
The system consists of microcontroller, CAN controller, and
parameters of wind turbine. Microcontroller is the key
element in processing module which keeps on monitors the
wind turbine parameters. The block diagram of processing
module is shown in Fig. 1. CAN controller is used to
communicate between the wind turbine and the database.
For every particular amount of time, microcontroller pre-
processes. The sensed data and it will update the parameter
values to the central database. RS232 is used for serial
communication between the simulink and the CAN Bus.
Monitoring parameters are more important in diagnosis
system. The process of accepting the values in CAN
controller 1 and transferring them to CAN controller 2 via
CAN high and CAN low.
Figure 1: Block diagram of Processing Module
The project deals with the data transmission between two
units in the exact time without any disturbance. The data
transmission time is increased with the CAN protocol. ARM
core1 runs with DSPIC (Digital Signal Peripheral Interface
Controller) & CAN (Controller Area Network) and
LPC2148 as wind turbine unit to which sensors are
connected and ARM core2 runs as monitoring section with
multiple alert units. A weather condition (WC) based
monitoring of wind blades and generation voltage (GV)
display is also added in this design. Data acquisition node
collects the sensor data through CAN protocol. Inside the
wind turbine, temperature in gearbox or the control unit
leads to failure directly or registers the consequences of the
fault and referring to the type of the malfunctions. The
Humidity Sensor (HMP50) senses the percentage of
humidity in the atmosphere that prevents the running of
turbine during rainy season or more humid environment by
shutting down immediately. This prevents the wind turbine
rotors prone to acquire creep and corrosion fatigue, which
can be observed as cracks and delaminating in the blades. In
the turbine, coolant is used to balance the temperature which
level of oil is formulated through an oil indicator sensor. An
automatic fire extinguisher system can be annexed along
with the temperature sensor (TMP36) that will be set ON
during abnormal heat range or during flame catch up.
IR RPM counter will rate the speed of the turbine. It is an
Infra Red tachometer with emitter diode that is contactless
and more accurate. On projection over the turbine, speed can
be detected. The Piezo electric transducer is used as
vibration sensor that senses the vibrations and aerodynamic
imbalance in it. Other factors such as turbine vibration and
aerodynamic imbalance also need to be considered. LCD
displays the power generated, rated RPM of the turbine,
temperature, humidity, oil level measurements exactly. It is
possible only through a CAN Bus controller interface. Any
occurrence of hazard can be alerted by using buzzers and
emergency lights. The fault alerting is additionally gives to
the clients/server system through GPRS / through GSM
mobile module. Sometimes, in order to avoid hazards or
main system breakdowns, the turbine has been shut down.
This is done by automatic switching ON/OFF. If the failure
is serious, a visual inspection has to be made which can be
carried out by the operators or by authorized personnel.
Finally, the automation system and accuracy in diagnosis
will make the entire system protected from vital damages
with least maintenance.

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The entire system is developed as hardware based system
using LPC2148 Trainer Kit and its associated devices
embedded within it. The coding is formulated in Embedded
C which is compiled using a Keil4.0 µVision. The
simulation is predominately developed in the tool ORCAD
design laboratory.
4. CAN Interface Module
CAN interface module is used to communicate the
monitored parameters between the wind turbine and the
control centre. The CAN interface module consists of three
components CAN Transceiver (MCP2551), CAN Controller
(MCP25 10), DSPIC. The block diagram of CAN interface
module is given in the MCP 25 10 has two mode of
operation: basic CAN which is a default mode and PeliCAN.
CAN transceiver is required to shift the voltage levels of the
microcontroller to those appropriate for the CAN bus. This
will help to create the differential signal CAN High and
CAN Low which are needed in CAN bus. This device must
be able to withstand voltage tolerance which may be caused
by noise pickup. DSPIC is which contains the feature of
signal processing.
5. Result and Conclusion
The fault identification is done using FUZZY LOGIC and
the parameters are measured through the CAN interface
module the monitored data is analyzed and send to PC
through UART. The location and the type of faults are
analyzed before it occurs and are transmitted from wind
turbine to the control centre through CAN bus. The effect of
harsh condition and the nature of large electromechanical
system are the causes of fault to be occurred in the wind
turbine. It is very important perform the monitoring and fault
diagnosis of wind turbine parameters. The CAN protocol
which is used for serial communication which provides high
data transmission rate and reliability. Thus, the design of a
remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system based on
CAN. Finally the System performance and the efficiency is
effective and reliable.
References
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A CAN BUS BASED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN WIND TURBINE

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