The document discusses WebSockets and how they provide a full-duplex communication protocol to enable real-time data exchange between a client and server. It describes the WebSocket handshake process and compares HTTP to WebSockets. It also outlines the Java API for WebSockets 1.0 specification and provides a demo of how to use WebSockets in Java code through annotations and interfaces. Examples of using WebSockets for applications like chat, games, and real-time updates are also presented.