SQL is divided into 5 categories of languages: Data Definition Language (DDL) to define and manage database schemas, Data Manipulation Language (DML) to insert, update and delete data, Data Retrieval Language (DRL) to retrieve data with SELECT statements, Transaction Control Language (TCL) to manage transactions with COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT, and Data Control Language (DCL) to manage user privileges with GRANT and REVOKE. The CREATE TABLE syntax creates a table with a specified name and columns of defined data types.