Sap abap-data structures and internal tables

Data structures and Internal
tables
SAP - ABAP

Topics
2
 Data structures and Internal tables

Objectives
3
The participants will be able to:
Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program
Populate an Internal Table with data
Read Database information into an Internal Table

Data Structures
4
Address List
Structure
Address List
Internal Table
LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.
LN FN City ST.

Declaring a Structure - Method #1
5
5
1 REPORT YN1C0008.
2
3 TABLES: TABNA.
4 DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
5 FLAG TYPE C,
6 ID LIKE TABNA-ID,
7 NAME1 LIKE TABNA-NAME1,
8 CITY LIKE TABNA-CITY,
9 END OF ADDRESS.
10 MOVE ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG.
11 MOVE ‘0001’ TO ADDRESS-ID.
12 MOVE ‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1.
13 MOVE ‘Philadelphia’ TO
14 ADDRESS- CITY.
15 WRITE ADDRESS.
16
17
Basic Syntax:
DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
<field1> . . .
<field2> . . .
. . .
END OF <name>.
Flag ID Name1 City
Address Structure
Is this statement
necessary for the
code?

Declaring a Structure - Method #2
6
6 Data Structure & Inter3.07
REPORT Yxxxxxxx.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR,
FLAG,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDR.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
MOVE: ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
‘00001’ TO ADDRESS-ID,
‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1,
‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-CITY.
WRITE ADDRESS.
Basic Syntax:
TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,
<field1> . . . ,
<field2> . . . ,
. . . ,
END OF <name1>.
DATA: <name2> TYPE
<name1>.
Flag ID Name1 City
Address Structure

Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport
7
7 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM37.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
FLAG,
NAME LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
TO ADDRESS.
WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG,
ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME,
ADDRESS-CITY.
CLEAR ADDRESS.
ENDSELECT.
EMPLOYEE
Address
ID Name1 City
000000001 Electronics Inc. Waldorf
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
TO ADDRESS.
Flag ID Name City
000000001 Waldorf
Clear <f1>.

Demonstration
8
 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.

Practice
9
 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.

Internal Table Types
10
 Standard
 Sorted
 Hashed

Creating an Internal Table with Header Line
11
REPORT Y170DM38.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,NAME1
LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
COUNTRY LIKE
EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH
HEADER LINE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
The TYPES statement defines the
structure and data type for the
internal table.
The DATA statement with an
INITIAL SIZE creates the actual
internal table capable of storing
data. Because of the WITH
HEADER LINE addition, this
internal table is created with a
header line.
Header Line
ID NAME1 COUNTRY

Size of an Internal Table
12

Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line
13
APPEND <int. table>
SORTED BY <field>.
APPEND <int. table>.
Department Salary
1
2
3
4
5
6
Department Salary
Header
R&D 400,000
PROD 7,800,000
MKTG 1,000,000
SALES 500,000
HR 140,000
IT 50,000
R&D 400,000
MKTG 1,000,000
SALES 500,000
PROD 7,800,000
IT 50,000
HR 140,000

14
REPORT Y170DM42.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
ENDSELECT.
More than ten entries can be
saved in the internal table.
A maximum of ten entries
can be saved in the internal
table. Any entries that
exceed the top ten will
be deleted.
With both versions of the
APPEND statement, memory
space for ten records is
allocated when the first record
is written to the internal table.
Example 1
Example 2
OR

15
REPORT Y170DM42.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
ENDSELECT.
More than ten entries can be
saved in the internal table.
A maximum of ten entries
can be saved in the internal
table. Any entries that
exceed the top ten will
be deleted.
With both versions of the
APPEND statement, memory
space for ten records is
allocated when the first record
is written to the internal table.
Example 1
Example 2
OR

Internal Table with Header Line
16
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line
A
B

17
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
EMPLOYEE
USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
Header Line
1

18
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
EMPLOYEE
Header Line
2
1

19
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
EMPLOYEE
Header Line
2
3
1
2
3
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
This header line is
attached to the
body of the
internal table.
1

20
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
USA 00000002 Company Diversified Indust.. DIVERS . . .
EMPLOYEE
Header Line
5
6
1
2
3
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
4

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line
REPORT Y170DM40.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10,
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.
APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
The TYPES statement defines the
structure and data type for the
internal table and its work area
Work Area
The DATA statement with an INITIAL
SIZE creates the actual internal table
without a header line. The DATA
statement without the INITIAL SIZE
creates the work area for the internal
table.

Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???
22
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables

Internal Table without a Header Line
23
EMPLOYEE
Work Area
A
B
ID NAME1 COUNTRY

Internal Table without a Header Line
24
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .
Work Area
1
2
3
1
2
3
10
.
.
.
This work area is
not attached to
the body of the
internal table.

Automatic Field Conversion
25
 MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field
– Individual field type conversion
 MOVE
– Structure to structure
– Field to structure
– Structure to field
• Intermediate C type
• Followed by adoption of new types

Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables
26
REPORT Y170DM69.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE EMPLOYEE INITIAL
SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB
WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . .
1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2. APPENDING TABLE <EMPTAB>.
Notice no ENDSELECT is
needed here because no loop
processing occurs.

Processing an Internal Table
27
REPORT Y170DM45.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER
LINE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘D’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1,
EMPTAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE: / ‘NO ENTRIES’.
ENDIF.
This LOOP AT <EMPTAB>
statement allows for a logical
expression in a WHERE clause to
limit the processing of the internal
table.
If no internal table entries
qualify under the logical
expression, the statement
within the loop is not executed
and SY-SUBRC is set to 4.

System Field SY-TABIX
28
REPORT Y170DM46.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,
END LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB FROM START TO END.
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
Screen output
SY-TABIX

Accumulating Data within an Internal Table
29
REPORT Y170DM43.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL
SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
COLLECT EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
Country Sales
D 400,000
USA 1,000,000
GB 500,000
D 7,800,000
Header Line
A 371,065.00
CH 45,305.00
D 8,200,000.00
F 0.00
GB 500,000.00
NL 577,000.00
NO 234.00
USA 1,000,000.00
HK 0.00
Screen output

Sorting an Internal Table
30
REPORT Y170DM44.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING.
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-NAME1, ITAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
Sorting options:
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the
entries of the internal table
<EMPTAB> in ascending order.
2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> - sorts
the table on one or more fields
within the table.
screen output

Control Level Processing
31
 AT FIRST
 AT NEW < field >
 AT END < field >
 AT LAST

Reading a Single Table Entry
32
REPORT Y170DM47.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMPTAB.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH
HEADER LINE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
READ TABLE ….

Reading a Single Table Entry - Options
33
READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:
1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>…
<kn> = <vn>.
3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ...
<kn> = <vn>.
4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.
5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.
6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .
8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.
9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .
10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.

Maintaining Internal Tables
34
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.
MOVE ‘ABC’ TO EMPTAB-NAME1.
MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / ‘Attempt to modify failed.’.
ELSE.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY,
EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDIF.
INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.
DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
Check SY-SUBRC after
every attempt to change
an internal table entry.

Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line
35
APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.
READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.
LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.

Deleting an Internal Table
36
CLEAR <internal table>
 Initialises the header line.
 Internal table lines remain
unchanged.
REFRESH <internal table>
 Deletes all table lines.
 Storage space is not released.
 Paging is released.
 Header line remains unchanged.
FREE <internal table>
 Deletes all table lines.
 Storage space is released.
 Header line remains
unchanged

Information about an Internal Table
37
REPORT Y170DM49.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH
HEADER LINE,
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,
INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB
LINES LINE_COUNT
OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / ‘ lines:’, LINE_COUNT,
/ ‘occurs:’, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table>
LINES <var1>
OCCURS <var2>.
screen output

Calling the SAP Table Editor
38
REPORT Y170DM50.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
END OF EMP,
DATA:EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE NAME1 EQ ‘Maurice Cheeks’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘No records.’. ENDIF.
screen output

Demonstration
39
 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.

Practice
40
 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.

Summary
41
 Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory.
 A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and DATA
statements.
 The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by field between
the ABAP data structures.
 Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the processing
of a program.
 3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed.
 An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by referring to an
internal table type using the TYPE parameter
 APPEND statement adds the contents of the header line to the end of the
internal table.
 the system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry read.

Summary (Contd.)
42
 The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.
 The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.
 The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.

Questions
43
 What is a Structure?
 What is an internal table?
 What are the different types of internal tables are there?
 Explain the following statements :
 Move corresponding
 Append
 Clear
 Refresh
 Free.

Sap abap-data structures and internal tables

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