Php Tutorial

PHP TUTORIAL
BY
PRATIK TAMBEKAR
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BY
PRATIK TAMBEKAR
HEMANT HINGAVE
PHP is a server scripting language, and a
powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive
Web pages.
PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient
alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's
ASP.
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

What is PHP?
• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor"
• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting
language
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP is free to download and use
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What is PHP?
• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux,
Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used
today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP supports a wide range of databases
• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP
resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the
server side
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Basic PHP Syntax
• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
• A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>
• <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>PHP TUTORIAL</h1>
<?php
echo “YCCE NAGPUR”;
?>
</body>
</html>
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PHP Variables
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by
the name of the variable
• A variable name must start with a letter or the
underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-
numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9,
and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and
$AGE are two different variables) BY
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Basic PHP Syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// This is a single-line comment
# This is also a single-line comment
/*
This is a multiple-lines comment block
that spans over multiple
lines
*/
// You can also use comments to leave out parts of a code line
$x = 5 /* + 15 */ + 5;
echo $x;
?>
</body>
</html>
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PHP is a Loosely Typed Language
• In the example above, notice that we did not
have to tell PHP which data type the variable
is.
• PHP automatically converts the variable to the
correct data type, depending on its value.
• In other languages such as C, C++, and Java,
the programmer must declare the name and
type of the variable before using it.
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PHP Variables Scope
• In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in
the script.
• The scope of a variable is the part of the script
where the variable can be referenced/used.
• PHP has three different variable scopes:
• local
• global
• static
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PHP The global Keyword
• The global keyword is used to access a global variable from
within a function.
• To do this, use the global keyword before the variables
<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 10;
function myTest() {
global $x, $y;
$y = $x + $y;
}
myTest();
echo $y;
?>
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PHP The static Keyword
• <?php
function myTest() {
static $x = 0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
?>
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The PHP echo Statement
<?php
echo "<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>";
echo "Hello world!<br>";
echo "I'm about to learn PHP!<br>";
echo "This ", "string ", "was ", "made ", "with
multiple parameters.";
?>
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The PHP print Statement
<?php
$txt1 = "Learn PHP";
$txt2 = “ycce.com";
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
print "<h2>$txt1</h2>";
print "Study PHP at $txt2<br>";
print $x + $y;
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PHP Data Types
• PHP supports the following data types:
• String
• Integer
• Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
• Boolean
• Array
• Object
• NULL
• Resource
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PHP Data Types
PHP String:
• A string is a sequence of characters, like "Hello
world!".
• A string can be any text inside quotes. You can
use single or double quotes:
Example
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?> BY
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PHP Data Types
PHP Array:
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>
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PHP Object
• An object is a data type which stores data and information
on how to process that data.
• In PHP, an object must be explicitly declared.
<?php
class Car {
function Car() {
$this->model = "VW";
}
}
// create an object
$herbie = new Car();
// show object properties
echo $herbie->model;
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PHP NULL Value
• Null is a special data type which can have only
one value: NULL.
• A variable of data type NULL is a variable that has
no value assigned to it.
• Note: If a variable is created without a value, it is
automatically assigned a value of NULL.
Example
<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>
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PHP String Functions
Get The Length of a String:
• The PHP strlen() function returns the length of a string
(number of characters).
• The example below returns the length of the string
"Hello world!":
Example
<?php
echo strlen("Hello world!"); // outputs 12
?>
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Count The Number of Words in a String:
Example
<?php
echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); // outputs
2
?>
Reverse a String:
Example
<?php
echo strrev("Hello world!");
?> BY
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Search For a Specific Text Within a String:
• If a match is found, the function returns the
character position of the first match. If no
match is found, it will return FALSE.
Example
<?php
echo strpos("Hello world!", "world"); //
outputs 6
?>
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• Replace Text Within a String:
Example
<?php
echo str_replace("world", "Dolly", "Hello
world!"); // outputs Hello Dolly!
?>
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PHP Constants
• A constant is an identifier (name) for a simple
value. The value cannot be changed during
the script.
• A valid constant name starts with a letter or
underscore (no $ sign before the constant
name).
• Note: Unlike variables, constants are
automatically global across the entire script.
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PHP Constants
Syntax:
define(name, value, case-insensitive)
Parameters:
• name: Specifies the name of the constant
• value: Specifies the value of the constant
• case-insensitive: Specifies whether the
constant name should be case-insensitive.
Default is false
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PHP Constants
<?php
define(“YASHWANTRAO", "Welcome to YCCE!");
echo YASHWANTRAO;
?>
Constants are Global:
<?php
define(" YASHWANTRAO ", " Welcome to YCCE!");
function myTest() {
echo YASHWANTRAO;
}
myTest();
?>
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PHP Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on
variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators BY
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PHP Operators
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PHP Arithmetic Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP Assignment Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP Comparison Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP Increment / Decrement Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP Logical Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP String Operators:

PHP Operators
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PHP Array Operators:

PHP Conditional Statements
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• In PHP we have the following conditional
statements:
• if statement - executes some code only if a
specified condition is true
• if...else statement - executes some code if a
condition is true and another code if the
condition is false
• if...elseif....else statement - specifies a new
condition to test, if the first condition is false
• switch statement - selects one of many blocks of
code to be executed

PHP - The if Statement
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• The if statement is used to execute some
code only if a specified condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition)
{
code to be executed if condition is true;
}

PHP - The if...else Statement
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• Use the if....else statement to execute some
code if a condition is true and another code if
the condition is false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
} else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}

PHP - The if...elseif....else Statement
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• Use the if....elseif...else statement to specify a
new condition to test, if the first condition is
false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
} elseif (condition) {
} else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}

PHP - The switch Statement
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• Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks
of code to be executed.
Syntax:
switch (n) {
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
break;
case label3:
break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}

PHP Loops
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In PHP, we have the following looping
statements:
• while - loops through a block of code as long
as the specified condition is true
• do...while - loops through a block of code
once, and then repeats the loop as long as the
specified condition is true
• for - loops through a block of code a specified
number of times
• foreach - loops through a block of code for
each element in an array

while Loop
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• The while loop executes a block of code as
long as the specified condition is true.
Syntax:
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

do...while Loop
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• The do...while loop will always execute the
block of code once, it will then check the
condition, and repeat the loop while the
specified condition is true.
Syntax:
do {
}
while (condition is true);

for Loop
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• The for loop is used when you know in
advance how many times the script should
run.
Syntax:
for (init counter; test counter; increment
counter)
{
}

foreach Loop
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• The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is
used to loop through each key/value pair in an
array.
Syntax:
foreach ($array as $value)
{
}

foreach Loop
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• For every loop iteration, the value of the current
array element is assigned to $value and the array
pointer is moved by one, until it reaches the last
array element.
Example:
<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>";
}
?>

PHP Functions
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PHP User Defined Functions
• Besides the built-in PHP functions, we can
create our own functions.
• A function is a block of statements that can be
used repeatedly in a program.
• A function will not execute immediately when
a page loads.
• A function will be executed by a call to the
function.

Create a User Defined Function in PHP
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• A user defined function declaration starts with
the word "function":
Syntax:
function functionName()
{
}
• Note: A function name can start with a letter
or underscore (not a number).

Create a User Defined Function in PHP
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Example:
<?php
function setHeight($minheight = 50) {
echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}
setHeight(350);
setHeight(); // will use the default value of 50
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);
?>

PHP Arrays
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• An array stores multiple values in one single
variable:
Example:
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
echo "I like " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[1] . " and "
. $cars[2] . ".";
?>

PHP Arrays
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Create an Array in PHP
• In PHP, the array() function is used to create an
array:
• array();
In PHP, there are three types of arrays:
• Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index
• Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
• Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one
or more arrays

PHP Indexed Arrays
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There are two ways to create indexed arrays:
• The index can be assigned automatically
(index always starts at 0), like this:
• $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
or the index can be assigned manually:
$cars[0] = "Volvo";
$cars[1] = "BMW";
$cars[2] = "Toyota";

Get The Length of an Array - The
count() Function
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• The count() function is used to return the
length (the number of elements) of an array:
Example:
<?php
echo count($cars);
?>

Loop Through an Indexed Array
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• To loop through and print all the values of an
indexed array, you could use a for loop, like this:
Example:
<?php
$arrlength = count($cars);
for($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++) {
echo $cars[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>

PHP Associative Arrays
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• Associative arrays are arrays that use named
keys that you assign to them.
• There are two ways to create an associative
array:
$age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37",
"Joe"=>"43");
• or:
$age['Peter'] = "35";
$age['Ben'] = "37";
$age['Joe'] = "43";

PHP Associative Arrays
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Example1
<?php
"Joe"=>"43");
echo "Peter is " . $age['Peter'] . " years old.";
?>
Example2
<?php
"Joe"=>"43");
foreach($age as $x => $x_value) {
echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>

PHP - Sort Functions For Arrays
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The following PHP array sort functions:
• sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
• rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
• asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending
order, according to the value
• ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending
order, according to the key
• arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending
order, according to the value
• krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending
order, according to the key

PHP Global Variables - Superglobals
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• Several predefined variables in PHP are "superglobals",
which means that they are always accessible, regardless of
scope - and you can access them from any function, class or
file without having to do anything special.
The PHP superglobal variables are:
• $GLOBALS
• $_SERVER
• $_REQUEST
• $_POST
• $_GET
• $_FILES
• $_ENV
• $_COOKIE
• $_SESSION

PHP $_SERVER
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• $_SERVER is a PHP super global variable which holds
information about headers, paths, and script locations.
Example:
<?php
echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
?>

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PHP $_REQUEST
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PHP $_REQUEST is used to collect data after submitting an HTML form.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// collect value of input field
$name = $_REQUEST['fname'];
if (empty($name)) {
echo "Name is empty";
} else {
echo $name;
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP $_POST
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PHP $_POST is widely used to collect form data after submitting an HTML
form with method="post". $_POST is also widely used to pass variables.
Example:
<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// collect value of input field
$name = $_POST['fname'];
if (empty($name)) {
echo "Name is empty";
} else {
echo $name;
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP $_GET
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• PHP $_GET can also be used to collect form data
after submitting an HTML form with method="get".
• $_GET can also collect data sent in the URL.
• Assume we have an HTML page that contains a
hyperlink with parameters:
<html>
<body>
<a
href="test_get.php?subject=PHP&web=ycce.com">T
est $GET</a>
</body>
</html>

PHP $_GET
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• When a user clicks on the link "Test $GET", the
parameters "subject" and "web" is sent to
"test_get.php", and you can then access their values
in "test_get.php" with $_GET.
• The example below shows the code in
"test_get.php":
Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Study " . $_GET['subject'] . " at " .
$_GET['web'];
?>
</body> </html>

PHP Date and Time
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The PHP Date() Function
• The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a
more readable date and time.
Syntax:
• date(format,timestamp)
Example:
<?php
echo "Today is " . date("Y/m/d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("Y.m.d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("Y-m-d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("l"); // l represents Day of week
?>

PHP Tip - Automatic Copyright Year
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• Use the date() function to automatically update the
copyright year on your website:
Example:
© 2010-<?php echo date("Y")?>
• Get a Simple Time
Example
<?php
echo "The time is " . date("h:i:sa");
?>

PHP 5 Include Files
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• It is possible to insert the content of one PHP file into
another PHP file (before the server executes it), with
the include or require statement.
Syntax:
include 'filename';
or
require 'filename';

PHP Exception Handling
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<?php
//create function with an exception
function checkNum($number) {
if($number>1) {
throw new Exception("Value must be 1 or below");
}
return true;
}
//trigger exception in a "try" block
try {
checkNum(2);
//If the exception is thrown, this text will not be shown
echo 'If you see this, the number is 1 or below'; }
//catch exception
catch(Exception $e) {
echo 'Message: ' .$e->getMessage();
} ?>

TODAY TASK
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Create One User Registration Form having fields
Name, Age, Address, Cell Number, College Name
, Designation etc.
And Print the above data on the same form at
the bottom of the form in Table Format.

Php Tutorial

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