The document discusses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. MVC separates an application into three main components - the model, the view, and the controller. The model manages the application's data and logic, the view displays the model's data to the user, and the controller interprets user input and updates the model and/or view accordingly. MVC provides benefits like separation of concerns, parallel development, and adhering to good engineering principles. It originated in the 1970s and is widely used today in many programming languages and frameworks.