Learning C++ - Functions in C++ 3

Mar 6, 2016Download as pptx, pdf1 like493 views

This document discusses functions in C++. It defines a function as having an output type, name, and arguments within parentheses. Functions can be called by passing arguments to the function name. Functions can also be called by reference by passing the address of a variable. Some important mathematical functions are provided in the C++ math library and their Fortran equivalents are shown.

Section Outline
• Definition of a function
• Calling function
• Recursive functions
2

Section Outline
• Definition of a function
• Calling function
• Recursive functions
3

Definition of a function
• Every where in C++ environment we can
define a function
OutPutType name (argument1, argument2, …)
{
…………………………
…………………………
…………………………
return output
}
4
This two type must have a
same type

Definition of a function(cont.)
• Some note:
Functions in C++ works the same as SUBROUTINs
There is no need to use CONTAINS or any similar
keywords to introduce functions to the program
The main() part of our code must know the
presence of our functions and this possible by a
predefine or define our function the top of main()
(disobey of this rule make a error)
5

Definition of a function(cont.)
• e.g. (1) : predefine
int MyFuntioin(int);
int main()
{
int t = 12;
int a = MyFunction(t);
return 0;
}
int MyFunction(int q)
{
……..
……..
……..
return f;
}
6
• e.g. (2): define
int MyFunction(int q)
{
……..
……..
……..
return f;
}
int main()
{
int t = 12;
int a = MyFunction(t);
return 0;
}

Definition of a function(cont.)
• Some notes:
 We can use function`s output like a statement or a variable
• Anywhere in our code, we can define a function such as MyFunction ()
that it`s output is an integer. after that we write the following
command to use the function:
int a = MyFunction();
e.g.
int sub (int a, int b) { return a-b; }
void main() { int a = sub (8,2); return; }
Note: There is no need to use CALL or such key word to call a function,
we just need to write function’s name.
7

Definition of a function(cont.)
• Some notes(cont.):
If you want to write your own functions into the
other files or headers (instead of the main file),
you must include them just like libraries with “..”:
e.g:
#include “myfunctions.h”
8

Definition of a function(cont.)
• e.g.(.h and .cpp)
# include “sub.h”
void main()
{
int a = sub(7,2);
cout << a;
}
Note : we use “…” in define include when we create
a header ourselves
9
//sub.h
int sub (int , int );
//sub.cpp
# include ”sub.h”
int sub (int a, int b)
{
return a-b;
}

Section Outline
• Definition of a function
• Calling Function
• Recursive functions
10

Calling Function
• Passing parameter
– e.g. int sub (int a, int b, int c)
{ return b-c; }
void main ()
{ cout <<sub(e,g,f); return 0; }
– Arrays
• Because of array`s nature as pointer, we pass an array as a pointer
• Upper dimensions than 1D must introduce to the list of argument
(we can introduce all dimensions to the function)
11

$Calling Function(cont.) • e.g. int array _based _function ( int * first , int second[][5]) {…………………….} int main () { int a[100], b[100][5]; return array _based _function (a, b); } 12 int first[]int first[100]$

Calling Function(cont.)
• We have two types of calling function
1. Calling by value
2. Calling by references
13

Calling Function(cont.)
1. Calling by value
e.g.
int cubeValue(int n)
{
return n*n*n;
}
int main()
{
int number = 5;
number = cubeValue(5);
return 0;
}
14
int cubeValue ( int n)
{
int f = n*n*n;
return f;
}

Calling Function(cont.)
2. Calling by references
e.g.
void cubeValue(int * n)
{
*n = *n * *n * *n;
}
int main()
{
int number = 5;
number = cubeValue(& number);
return 0;
}
15

Some Important Functions
• List of some computational functions:
• Note: You must include the math library in order to use them.
#include <math>
16
Mathematical def. C++ Fortran
sqrt(x) SQRT(X)
exp(x) exp(x) EXP(X)
ln(x) ln(x) LOG(X)
log10(x) LOG10(X)
sin(x) sin(x) SIN(X)
cos(x) cos(x) COS(X)
tan(x) tan(x) TAN(X)
Residual x % y MOD(X,Y)
x
10logx

Some Important Functions
#include <math>
17
Mathematical def. C++ Fortran
sinh(x) sinh(x) SINH(X)
cosh(x) cosh(x) COSH(X)
tanh(x) tanh(x) TANH(X)
sin-1(x) asin(x) ASIN(X)
cos-1(x) acos(x) ACOS(X)
tan-1(x) atan(x) ATAN(X)
|x| labs(x) ABS(X)
[x] floor(x) INT(X)

In future :
i. Class and related concepts
ii. ERRORS
18

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Learning C++ - Functions in C++ 3

1. Functions in C++ 1

2. Section Outline • Definition of a function • Calling function • Recursive functions 2

3. Section Outline • Definition of a function • Calling function • Recursive functions 3

4. Definition of a function • Every where in C++ environment we can define a function OutPutType name (argument1, argument2, …) { ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… return output } 4 This two type must have a same type

5. Definition of a function(cont.) • Some note: Functions in C++ works the same as SUBROUTINs There is no need to use CONTAINS or any similar keywords to introduce functions to the program The main() part of our code must know the presence of our functions and this possible by a predefine or define our function the top of main() (disobey of this rule make a error) 5

6. Definition of a function(cont.) • e.g. (1) : predefine int MyFuntioin(int); int main() { int t = 12; int a = MyFunction(t); return 0; } int MyFunction(int q) { …….. …….. …….. return f; } 6 • e.g. (2): define int MyFunction(int q) { …….. …….. …….. return f; } int main() { int t = 12; int a = MyFunction(t); return 0; }

7. Definition of a function(cont.) • Some notes:  We can use function`s output like a statement or a variable • Anywhere in our code, we can define a function such as MyFunction () that it`s output is an integer. after that we write the following command to use the function: int a = MyFunction(); e.g. int sub (int a, int b) { return a-b; } void main() { int a = sub (8,2); return; } Note: There is no need to use CALL or such key word to call a function, we just need to write function’s name. 7

8. Definition of a function(cont.) • Some notes(cont.): If you want to write your own functions into the other files or headers (instead of the main file), you must include them just like libraries with “..”: e.g: #include “myfunctions.h” 8

9. Definition of a function(cont.) • e.g.(.h and .cpp) # include “sub.h” void main() { int a = sub(7,2); cout << a; } Note : we use “…” in define include when we create a header ourselves 9 //sub.h int sub (int , int ); //sub.cpp # include ”sub.h” int sub (int a, int b) { return a-b; }

10. Section Outline • Definition of a function • Calling Function • Recursive functions 10

11. Calling Function • Passing parameter – e.g. int sub (int a, int b, int c) { return b-c; } void main () { cout <<sub(e,g,f); return 0; } – Arrays • Because of array`s nature as pointer, we pass an array as a pointer • Upper dimensions than 1D must introduce to the list of argument (we can introduce all dimensions to the function) 11

12. Calling Function(cont.) • e.g. int array _based _function ( int * first , int second[][5]) {…………………….} int main () { int a[100], b[100][5]; return array _based _function (a, b); } 12 int first[]int first[100]

13. Calling Function(cont.) • We have two types of calling function 1. Calling by value 2. Calling by references 13

14. Calling Function(cont.) 1. Calling by value e.g. int cubeValue(int n) { return n*n*n; } int main() { int number = 5; number = cubeValue(5); return 0; } 14 int cubeValue ( int n) { int f = n*n*n; return f; }

15. Calling Function(cont.) 2. Calling by references e.g. void cubeValue(int * n) { *n = *n * *n * *n; } int main() { int number = 5; number = cubeValue(& number); return 0; } 15

16. Some Important Functions • List of some computational functions: • Note: You must include the math library in order to use them. #include <math> 16 Mathematical def. C++ Fortran sqrt(x) SQRT(X) exp(x) exp(x) EXP(X) ln(x) ln(x) LOG(X) log10(x) LOG10(X) sin(x) sin(x) SIN(X) cos(x) cos(x) COS(X) tan(x) tan(x) TAN(X) Residual x % y MOD(X,Y) x 10logx

17. Some Important Functions #include <math> 17 Mathematical def. C++ Fortran sinh(x) sinh(x) SINH(X) cosh(x) cosh(x) COSH(X) tanh(x) tanh(x) TANH(X) sin-1(x) asin(x) ASIN(X) cos-1(x) acos(x) ACOS(X) tan-1(x) atan(x) ATAN(X) |x| labs(x) ABS(X) [x] floor(x) INT(X)

18. In future : i. Class and related concepts ii. ERRORS 18

Learning C++ - Functions in C++ 3

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