This document discusses Java exception handling. It begins by defining exceptions as abnormal or unexpected events that occur during runtime. It then describes the class hierarchy for exceptions, with Throwable at the top and Exception and Error as subclasses. When an exception occurs, an exception object is created and passed to the runtime system. The runtime system searches the call stack for an exception handler using try-catch blocks. The try-catch blocks allow code to execute normally or provide handling for exceptions. There are also finally blocks, throw clauses, and throws clauses for exception handling. Exceptions can be either unchecked, which do not require exception handling code, or checked, which do require exception handling code to comply with the "catch or specify" requirement.