Java interfaces

Feb 27, 20140 likes23 views

Java interfaces allow classes to define abilities without implementing them, creating contracts that classes can sign by implementing the interface. Interfaces contain only public abstract methods and static final variables. Classes implement interfaces to gain the interface's abilities. Interfaces solve multiple inheritance issues in Java by allowing a class to implement multiple interfaces while only extending one class. Polymorphism is possible through interfaces using the "is-a" relationship between implementing classes and interfaces.

Java Interfaces
Sujit Kumar
Zenolocity LLC

What is an Interface?
• It is a contract that declares a set of abilities (WHAT)
without defining how it is implemented.
• Any concrete class that implements this interface is
signing up to implement all the methods specified in
the contract (interface).
Example:
public interface Automobile {
public abstract start();
public abstract accelerate();
public abstract stop();
}

Features of an Interface
• By default, all methods are public and abstract
(no body).
• No instance variables.
• Any variable defined in an interface is
public, static and final. (implies class level
constants).
• A concrete class implements all methods of an
interface.
Example:
public class Triangle implements Shape {
// All methods of Shape have to be implemented.
}

Abstract Class implement Interface
• An abstract class can implement some
methods of an interface. It needs to be left
with at least 1 unimplemented method.
Example:
public abstract class TwoDimShape
implements Shape {
// Some methods of Shape have to be implemented.
}

Interfaces solve Multiple Inheritance
problem in Java
• A class cannot extend more than 1 class.
• A class can implement multiple interfaces at
the same time.
• An interface can also extend multiple
interfaces.
• A java class can extend exactly 1 class and
implement multiple interfaces at the same
time.

Polymorphism via Interfaces
• A class implementing an interface has an
“is-a” relationship with it’s interface.
• If Triangle class implements the Shape
class, then every triangle is a shape.
• Hence, we can say: Shape s = new Triangle();
• Also, if a method parameter expects an
interface, you can invoke that method by
passing a class object that implements that
interface.

Program to Interfaces
• Instead of writing your classes in a way that says:
I depend on this specific class to do this stuff
• you write it in a way that says
I depend on any interface that does this stuff
Examples:
Drivable[] myDrivables = new Drivable[2];
myDrivables[0] = new Car();
myDrivables[1] = new Bike();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
{
myDrivables[i].accelerate();
}

Good to Know: Liskov Substitution
Principle
• In a computer program, if S is a subtype of
T, then objects of type S may be
substituted for objects of type T without
altering the correctness of the program.

Difference between Abstract Classes
and Interfaces
Feature

Abstract Class

Interface

Abstract Methods

At least ONE

All are abstract

Inheritance

Can extend only ONE

Interface CAN extend many
Class CAN implement many

Instance Variables

CAN have it

CANNOT have any

Access modifiers

public, private or protected ONLY public

Constructors

CAN have it

CANNOT have any

Abstract Classes or Interfaces ?
• If design can potentially change in the future, use
interfaces.
• If inheritance hierarchy is stable, use abstract
classes, especially for all non-leaf classes in the
hierarchy.
• If various implementations only share method
signatures, use interfaces.
• If various implementations share both method
signatures & state, use abstract classes.
• If only some implementations need to provide a
certain behavior, use interfaces.

This document discusses interfaces in Java. It explains that interfaces allow for establishing common behaviors across classes without implementation. An interface defines method signatures but provides no bodies, leaving the implementation to classes that implement the interface. Classes can implement multiple interfaces. Interfaces can contain static final fields but no non-static methods or fields. The document provides examples of defining an interface and a class that implements it. It also discusses extending interfaces similarly to classes.

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Java interfaces

1. Java Interfaces Sujit Kumar Zenolocity LLC

2. What is an Interface? • It is a contract that declares a set of abilities (WHAT) without defining how it is implemented. • Any concrete class that implements this interface is signing up to implement all the methods specified in the contract (interface). Example: public interface Automobile { public abstract start(); public abstract accelerate(); public abstract stop(); }

3. Features of an Interface • By default, all methods are public and abstract (no body). • No instance variables. • Any variable defined in an interface is public, static and final. (implies class level constants). • A concrete class implements all methods of an interface. Example: public class Triangle implements Shape { // All methods of Shape have to be implemented. }

4. Abstract Class implement Interface • An abstract class can implement some methods of an interface. It needs to be left with at least 1 unimplemented method. Example: public abstract class TwoDimShape implements Shape { // Some methods of Shape have to be implemented. }

5. Interfaces solve Multiple Inheritance problem in Java • A class cannot extend more than 1 class. • A class can implement multiple interfaces at the same time. • An interface can also extend multiple interfaces. • A java class can extend exactly 1 class and implement multiple interfaces at the same time.

6. Polymorphism via Interfaces • A class implementing an interface has an “is-a” relationship with it’s interface. • If Triangle class implements the Shape class, then every triangle is a shape. • Hence, we can say: Shape s = new Triangle(); • Also, if a method parameter expects an interface, you can invoke that method by passing a class object that implements that interface.

7. Program to Interfaces • Instead of writing your classes in a way that says: I depend on this specific class to do this stuff • you write it in a way that says I depend on any interface that does this stuff Examples: Drivable[] myDrivables = new Drivable[2]; myDrivables[0] = new Car(); myDrivables[1] = new Bike(); for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { myDrivables[i].accelerate(); }

8. Good to Know: Liskov Substitution Principle • In a computer program, if S is a subtype of T, then objects of type S may be substituted for objects of type T without altering the correctness of the program.

9. Difference between Abstract Classes and Interfaces Feature Abstract Class Interface Abstract Methods At least ONE All are abstract Inheritance Can extend only ONE Interface CAN extend many Class CAN implement many Instance Variables CAN have it CANNOT have any Access modifiers public, private or protected ONLY public Constructors CAN have it CANNOT have any

10. Abstract Classes or Interfaces ? • If design can potentially change in the future, use interfaces. • If inheritance hierarchy is stable, use abstract classes, especially for all non-leaf classes in the hierarchy. • If various implementations only share method signatures, use interfaces. • If various implementations share both method signatures & state, use abstract classes. • If only some implementations need to provide a certain behavior, use interfaces.

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