This document discusses common concurrency problems in Java and how to address them. It covers issues that can arise from shared mutable data being accessed without proper synchronization between threads, as well as problems related to visibility and atomicity of operations. Specific problems covered include mutable statics, double-checked locking, volatile arrays, and non-atomic operations like incrementing a long. The document provides best practices for locking, wait/notify, thread coordination, and avoiding deadlocks, spin locks, and lock contention.