Introduction To Algorithms
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Chapter Name: Introduction To Algorithm Topic 1.1 : What Is An Algorithm? What Is An Algorithm? What are the criteria an algorithm must satisfy or describe the characteristics of an algorithm.
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An algorithm is an efficient method that can be expressed within finite amount of Time and space.
The important aspects of algorithm design include creating an efficient algorithm to solve a problem in an efficient way using minimum time and space.
To solve a problem, different approaches can be followed. Some of them can be efficient with respect to time consumption, whereas other approaches may be memory efficient. To Evaluate An Algorithm we have to Satisfy the following Criteria:
INPUT: The Algorithm should be given zero or more input.
OUTPUT: At least one quantity is produced. For each input the algorithm produced value from specific task.
DEFINITENESS: Each instruction is clear and unambiguous.
FINITENESS: If we trace out the instructions of an algorithm, then for all cases, the algorithm terminates after a finite number of steps.
EFFECTIVENESS: Every instruction must very basic so that it can be carried out, in principle, by a person using only pencil & paper.Algorithm : Systematic logical approach which is a well-defined, step-by-step procedure that allows a computer to solve a problem.
Pseudocode : It is a simpler version of a programming code in plain English which uses short phrases to write code for a program before it is implemented in a specific programming language.
Program : It is exact code written for problem following all the rules of the programming language.Algorithm can be described (Represent) in four ways.
Natural language like English:
When this way is chooses, care should be taken, we
should ensure that each & every statement is definite.
(no ambiguity)
2. Graphic representation called flowchart:
This method will work well when the algorithm is small& simple.
3. Pseudo-code Method:
In this method, we should typically describe algorithms as
program, which resembles language like Pascal & Algol
(Algorithmic Language).
4.Programming Language:
we have to use programming language to write algorithms like
C, C++,JAVA etc.Comments begin with // and continue until the end of line.
Blocks are indicated with matching braces { and }.
An identifier begins with a letter. The data types of variables are not explicitly declared.
node= record
{
data type 1 data 1;
data type n data n;
node *link;
}
4. There are two Boolean values TRUE and FALSE.
Logical Operators
AND, OR, NOT
Relational Operators
<, <=,>,>=, =, !=
1.How to create an algorithm: To create an algorithm we have following design technique
a) Divide & Conquer
b) Greedy method
c) Dynamic Programming
d) Branch & Bound
e) Backtracking
2.How to validate an algorithm:
Once an algorithm is created it is necessary to show that it computes the correct Pr
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The important aspects of algorithm design include creating an efficient algorithm to solve a problem in an efficient way using minimum time and space.
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Natural language like English:
When this way is chooses, care should be taken, we
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2. Graphic representation called flowchart:
This method will work well when the algorithm is small& simple.
3. Pseudo-code Method:
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- Characteristics of algorithms include being definite, finite, unambiguous, and efficient.
- The design process involves understanding the problem, capabilities of the device, choosing exact or approximate solutions, selecting a data structure, and techniques like divide-and-conquer.
- Algorithms can be specified through languages, pseudocode, or flowcharts and must be proven correct. Their analysis considers time and space complexity.
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Introduction To Algorithms
- 1. Chapter Name: Introduction To Algorithm Topic 1.1 : What Is An Algorithm? Project Prepared By: KM Bappi CSE 2006-2007
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