This document introduces functions and how they can be used to make code more readable and reusable. It provides an example of defining a moveMile function to have a jeroo hop eight times to move one mile, rather than writing out the individual hop instructions. Functions should perform a single well-defined task, be given descriptive names, and can be called to reuse blocks of code. The document demonstrates defining a moveMile function and encourages the reader to create their own mileWalker function to practice this concept.