Inline Functions and Default arguments

Mar 31, 2015Download as pptx, pdf5 likes6,450 views

The document discusses different types of functions in C++ including: 1) Main functions are mandatory while other programs define additional functions. Functions are declared with a return type, name, and parameters. 2) Functions are defined with a syntax including the return type, name, parameters, and body. Functions can be called within other functions or the main function by passing values. 3) Inline functions have their code placed at the call site at compile time to avoid function call overhead. They are defined using the inline keyword before the return type for small, single line functions. 4) Functions can have default arguments which are values provided in the declaration that are used if not passed to the function. They must

Functions
• A function is a group of statements that together
perform a task.
• main() -> mandatory function =
• Various programs define additional functions.
• A function declaration tells the compiler about a
function's name, return type, and parameters. A
function definition provides the actual body of the
function.

$Function Declaration • A function can be defined as: Syntax : return_type function_name(arguments) { body of the function } For e.g : int add(int a,int b) { return a+b; }$

$Calling a Function • A function can be called in a main() function or in other functions. • When it is called inside itself than it called as recursive function. main()/function_1() { body function(passing values); } For e.g : main() { int a,b; cout<<“Sum=“<<add(a,b); } int add(int x,int y) { return x+y; }$

$Inline Functions • If a function is inline than: – Compiler puts its code at the place where it is called at compile time – To define a function as inline function • use the keyword “inline” just before the return type. – The compiler ignore the inline qualifier in case defined function is more than a line. inline return_type function_name(args) { //one line code }$

Inline Function (example)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
inline int Max(int x, int y)
{
return (x > y)? x : y;
}
// Main function for the program
int main( )
{
cout << "Max (20,10): " << Max(20,10) << endl;
cout << "Max (0,200): " << Max(0,200) << endl;
cout << "Max (100,1010): " << Max(100,1010) <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Max (20,10): 20
Max (0,200): 200
Max (100,1010): 1010

Why Inline functions
• Objective of using functions:
– To save memory space, when a
function is likely to be called
many times.
Jumping to a function
Saving the registers
Pushing arguments in to the
stack
Returning to the calling
function
• When a function is small enough
(only one line of code) these
things would be a wastage of
time and resources.

Function with Default Arguments
• A default argument is a value
provided in function
declaration that is
automatically assigned by the
compiler if caller of the
function doesn’t provide a
value for the argument with
default value.
return _type f_name (arg1,arg2,arg3=value)
• When a default argument is placed then all the other arguments
after that must be default arguments only.
• That says the default arguments must placed on right most side of
all the arguments collectively

Default arguments (example)
int sum(int x, int y, int z=0, int w=0)
{
return (x + y + z + w);
}
int main()
{
cout << sum(10, 15) << endl;
cout << sum(10, 15, 25) << endl;
cout << sum(10, 15, 25, 30) <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
25
50
80

Default Arguments
• They may come in handy when some arguments
are having the same values.
– For e.g. Bank interest may remain the same for all
the customers for a particular period of deposit.

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Several studies have established that strength development in concrete is not only determined by the water/binder ratio, but it is also affected by the presence of other ingredients. With the increase in the number of concrete ingredients from the conventional four materials by addition of various types of admixtures (agricultural wastes, chemical, mineral and biological) to achieve a desired property, modelling its behavior has become more complex and challenging. Presented in this work is the possibility of adopting the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) algorithm to predict the compressive strength of concrete admixed with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). A set of data with satisfactory experimental results were obtained from literatures for the study. Result from the GEP algorithm was compared with that from stepwise regression analysis in order to appreciate the accuracy of GEP algorithm as compared to other data analysis program. With R-Square value and MSE of -0.94 and 5.15 respectively, The GEP algorithm proves to be more accurate in the modelling of concrete compressive strength.

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魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校diploma安全可靠购买【Q微号:1954 292 140】魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校毕业证（UQAM毕业证书）成绩单、offer、学位证、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【关于学历材料质量】我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校毕业证（UQAM毕业证书）【微信号1954 292 140】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校毕业证（UQAM毕业证书）【微信号1954 292 140】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。

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We present efficient algorithms for computing isogenies between hyperelliptic curves, leveraging higher genus curves to enhance cryptographic protocols in the post-quantum context. Our algorithms reduce the computational complexity of isogeny computations from O(g4) to O(g3) operations for genus 2 curves, achieving significant efficiency gains over traditional elliptic curve methods. Detailed pseudocode and comprehensive complexity analyses demonstrate these improvements both theoretically and empirically. Additionally, we provide a thorough security analysis, including proofs of resistance to quantum attacks such as Shor's and Grover's algorithms. Our findings establish hyperelliptic isogeny-based cryptography as a promising candidate for secure and efficient post-quantum cryptographic systems.

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Inline Functions and Default arguments

1. Functions • A function is a group of statements that together perform a task. • main() -> mandatory function = • Various programs define additional functions. • A function declaration tells the compiler about a function's name, return type, and parameters. A function definition provides the actual body of the function.

2. Function Declaration • A function can be defined as: Syntax : return_type function_name(arguments) { body of the function } For e.g : int add(int a,int b) { return a+b; }

3. Calling a Function • A function can be called in a main() function or in other functions. • When it is called inside itself than it called as recursive function. main()/function_1() { body function(passing values); } For e.g : main() { int a,b; cout<<“Sum=“<<add(a,b); } int add(int x,int y) { return x+y; }

4. Inline Functions • If a function is inline than: – Compiler puts its code at the place where it is called at compile time – To define a function as inline function • use the keyword “inline” just before the return type. – The compiler ignore the inline qualifier in case defined function is more than a line. inline return_type function_name(args) { //one line code }

5. Inline Function (example) #include <iostream> using namespace std; inline int Max(int x, int y) { return (x > y)? x : y; } // Main function for the program int main( ) { cout << "Max (20,10): " << Max(20,10) << endl; cout << "Max (0,200): " << Max(0,200) << endl; cout << "Max (100,1010): " << Max(100,1010) << endl; return 0; } Output: Max (20,10): 20 Max (0,200): 200 Max (100,1010): 1010

6. Why Inline functions • Objective of using functions: – To save memory space, when a function is likely to be called many times. Jumping to a function Saving the registers Pushing arguments in to the stack Returning to the calling function • When a function is small enough (only one line of code) these things would be a wastage of time and resources.

7. Function with Default Arguments • A default argument is a value provided in function declaration that is automatically assigned by the compiler if caller of the function doesn’t provide a value for the argument with default value. return _type f_name (arg1,arg2,arg3=value) • When a default argument is placed then all the other arguments after that must be default arguments only. • That says the default arguments must placed on right most side of all the arguments collectively

8. Default arguments (example) int sum(int x, int y, int z=0, int w=0) { return (x + y + z + w); } int main() { cout << sum(10, 15) << endl; cout << sum(10, 15, 25) << endl; cout << sum(10, 15, 25, 30) << endl; return 0; } Output: 25 50 80

9. Default Arguments • They may come in handy when some arguments are having the same values. – For e.g. Bank interest may remain the same for all the customers for a particular period of deposit.

Inline Functions and Default arguments

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