Function in Python [Autosaved].ppt

Stored (and reused) Steps
Output:
Hello
Fun
Zip
Hello
Fun
Program:
def thing():
print 'Hello’
print 'Fun’
thing()
print 'Zip’
thing()
def
print 'Hello'
print 'Fun'
hello()
print “Zip”
We call these reusable pieces of code “functions”.
hello():
hello()

Python Functions
• There are two kinds of functions in Python.
• Built-in functions that are provided as part of Python -
raw_input(), type(), float(), int() ...
• Functions that we define ourselves and then use
• We treat the of the built-in function names as "new" reserved
words (i.e. we avoid them as variable names)

Definition
• In Python a function is some reusable code that takes
arguments(s) as input does some computation and then returns
a result or results
• We define a function using the def reserved word
• We call/invoke the function by using the function name,
parenthesis and arguments in an expression

>>> big = max('Hello world')
>>> print bigw>>> tiny =
min('Hello world')
>>> print tiny>>>
big = max('Hello world')
Argument
'w'
Result
Assignment

Max Function
>>> print big'w'
max()
function
“Hello world”
(a string)
‘w’
(a string)
A function is some
stored code that we
use. A function takes
some input and
produces an output.
Guido wrote this code

Max Function
>>> print big'w'
def max(inp):
blah
blah
for x in y:
blah
blah
“Hello world”
(a string)
‘w’
(a string)
A function is some
stored code that we
use. A function takes
some input and
produces an output.
Guido wrote this code

Type Conversions
• When you put an integer and
floating point in an expression
the integer is implicitly
converted to a float
• You can control this with the
built in functions int() and
float()
>>> print float(99) / 100
0.99
>>> i = 42
>>> type(i)
<type 'int'>
>>> f = float(i)
>>> print f
42.0
>>> type(f)
<type 'float'>
>>> print 1 + 2 * float(3) / 4 - 5
-2.5
>>>

String
Conversions
• You can also use int() and
float() to convert between
strings and integers
• You will get an error if the
string does not contain
numeric characters
>>> sval = '123'
>>> type(sval)
<type 'str'>
>>> print sval + 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int'
>>> ival = int(sval)
>>> type(ival)
<type 'int'>
>>> print ival + 1
124
>>> nsv = 'hello bob'
>>> niv = int(nsv)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int()

Building our Own Functions
• We create a new function using the def keyword followed by
optional parameters in parenthesis.
• We indent the body of the function
• This defines the function but does not execute the body of the
function
def print_lyrics():
print "I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay.”
print 'I sleep all night and I work all day.'

x = 5
print 'Hello'
def print_lyrics():
print 'Yo'
x = x + 2
print x
Hello
Yo
7
print "I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay."
print 'I sleep all night and I work all
day.'
print_lyrics():

Definitions and Uses
• Once we have defined a function, we can call (or invoke) it as
many times as we like
• This is the store and reuse pattern

x = 5
print 'Hello'
def print_lyrics():
print 'Yo'
print_lyrics()
x = x + 2
print x
Hello
Yo
I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay.I
sleep all night and I work all day.
7

Arguments
• An argument is a value we pass into the function as its input
when we call the function
• We use arguments so we can direct the function to do different
kinds of work when we call it at different times
• We put the arguments in parenthesis after the name of the
function
big = max('Hello world')
Argument

Parameters
• A parameter is a variable
which we use in the
function definition that is
a “handle” that allows the
code in the function to
access the arguments for
a particular function
invocation.
>>> def greet(lang):
... if lang == 'es':
... print 'Hola’
... elif lang == 'fr':
... print 'Bonjour’
... else:
... print 'Hello’
...
>>> greet('en')Hello
>>> greet('es')Hola
>>> greet('fr')Bonjour
>>>

Return Values
• Often a function will take its arguments, do some computation
and return a value to be used as the value of the function call in
the calling expression. The return keyword is used for this.
def greet():
return "Hello”
print greet(), "Glenn”
print greet(), "Sally"
Hello Glenn
Hello Sally

Return Value
• A “fruitful” function is one
that produces a result (or
return value)
• The return statement
ends the function
execution and “sends
back” the result of the
function
>>> def greet(lang):
... if lang == 'es':
... return 'Hola’
... elif lang == 'fr':
... return 'Bonjour’
... else:
... return 'Hello’
... >>> print greet('en'),'Glenn’
Hello Glenn
>>> print greet('es'),'Sally’
Hola Sally
>>> print greet('fr'),'Michael’
Bonjour Michael
>>>

Arguments, Parameters, and
Results
>>> print big'w'
def max(inp):
blah
blah
for x in y:
blah
blah
return ‘w’
“Hello world” ‘w’
Argument
Parameter
Result

Multiple Parameters /
Arguments
• We can define more than
one parameter in the
function definition
• We simply add more
arguments when we call
the function
• We match the number and
order of arguments and
parameters
def addtwo(a, b):
added = a + b
return added
x = addtwo(3, 5)
print x

Void (non-fruitful) Functions
• When a function does not return a value, we call it a "void"
function
• Functions that return values are "fruitful" functions
• Void functions are "not fruitful"

To function or not to function...
• Organize your code into “paragraphs” - capture a complete
thought and “name it”
• Don’t repeat yourself - make it work once and then reuse it
• If something gets too long or complex, break up logical chunks
and put those chunks in functions
• Make a library of common stuff that you do over and over -
perhaps share this with your friends...

Exercise
Rewrite your pay computation with time-and-a-
half for overtime and create a function called
computepay which takes two parameters ( hours
and rate).
Enter Hours: 45
Enter Rate: 10
Pay: 475.0
475 = 40 * 10 + 5 * 15

Summary
• Functions
• Built-In Functions
• Type conversion (int, float)
• Math functions (sin, sqrt)
• Try / except (again)
• Arguments
• Parameters

Function in Python [Autosaved].ppt

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