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creating objects and Class methods
- 1. Object-Oriented Programming. Class and Object Creating Objects Class Methods
- 2. Definition: Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data, while object- oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions.
- 3. Advantages: OOP is faster and easier to execute OOP provides a clear structure for the programs OOP helps to keep the C++ code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time
- 4. Classes/Objects Everything in C++ is associated with classes and objects, along with its attributes and methods. For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes, such as weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake.
- 5. Attributes and methods are basically variables and functions that belongs to the class. These are often referred to as "class members". A class is a user-defined data type that we can use in our program, and it works as an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
- 6. Create a Class To create a class, use the class keyword: Example: Create a class called "MyClass": class MyClass { // The class public: // Access specifier int myNum; // Attribute (int variable) string myString; // Attribute (string variable) };
- 7. Example explained The class keyword is used to create a class called MyClass. The public keyword is an access specifier, which specifies that members (attributes and methods) of the class are accessible from outside the class. You will learn more about access specifier later.
- 8. Example explained Inside the class, there is an integer variable myNum and a string variable myString. When variables are declared within a class, they are called attributes. At last, end the class definition with a semicolon ;.
- 9. Create an Object In C++, an object is created from a class. We have already created the class named MyClass, so now we can use this to create objects. To create an object of MyClass, specify the class name, followed by the object name. To access the class attributes (myNum and myString), use the dot syntax (.) on the object:
- 10. Example Create an object called "myObj" and access the attributes: class MyClass { // The class public: // Access specifier int myNum; // Attribute (int variable) string myString; // Attribute (string variable) };
- 11. int main() { MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass // Access attributes and set values myObj.myNum = 15; myObj.myString = "Some text"; // Print attribute values cout << myObj.myNum << "n"; cout << myObj.myString; return 0; }
- 12. Class Methods Methods are functions that belongs to the class. There are two ways to define functions that belongs to a class: 1) Inside class definition 2) Outside class definition In the following example, we define a function inside the class, and we name it "myMethod".
- 13. Inside Example class MyClass { // The class public: // Access specifier void myMethod() { // Method/function defined inside the class cout << "Hello World!"; } }; int main() { MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass myObj.myMethod(); // Call the method return 0;}
- 14. To define a function outside the class definition, you have to declare it inside the class and then define it outside of the class. This is done by specifying the name of the class, followed the scope resolution :: operator, followed by the name of the function:
- 15. Outside Example class MyClass { // The class public: // Access specifier void myMethod(); // Method/function declaration }; // Method/function definition outside the class void MyClass::myMethod() { cout << "Hello World!"; }
- 16. int main() { MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass myObj.myMethod(); // Call the method return 0; }