C programming slide day 01 uploadd by md abdullah al shakil

A PRESENTATION ON BASIC
CONCEPT OF C PROGRAMMING
Presented by –
Md. Abdullah Al Shakil

 Introduction
 Elements of Language
 Conditional Statement
 Conditional Statement (Loops)
 One Dimensional Array
 Two Dimensional Array
 String
 Function
 Pointer
 Structure & Union
 Console Input/output
 File Handling

Day 04:
 Pointer
 Structure & Union
Day 02:
 Conditional Statement
(Loop)
 One Dimensional Array
 Two Dimensional Array
Day 03:
 String
 Function
 Console input/ output
Day 01:
 Introduction
 Elements of Language
 Conditional Statement
Day 05:
 File Handling
 Additional

Introductio
n
 C is a Structured Programming language
 C is the offspring of both the B programming language and a language
named BCPL.
 C is considered a mid-level language
 Mother of all programming language

Introductio
n
C was created in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Labs in USA as a part
of UNIX operating system. C was also used to develop some parts of this
operating system. In 1960’s “Basic Combined Programming Language
(BCPL) called B language was developed at Cambridge university.
It was not fully satisfied language. ‘B’ language was modified by denies
Ritchie was implemented at bell laboratory in 1972. C is generally
supported by most compilers. C was developed by a system programmer
Dennis Ritchie in 1972, at American Telegraph & Telecommunication (AT
& T) Bell Laboratories in New Jersey USA.
Most of the operating systems like Linux, Windows™, and Mac™ are either developed in C
language or use of this language for most parts of the operating system and the tools
coming with it.

Introductio
n
Gcc and cc in UNIX and Linux operating systems.
Borland C or Turbo C in DOS operating system or in Command
line environment of windows operating system.
“Bloodshed Dev-Cpp” integrated development environment (IDE)
gives you a complete and compact programming environment.

Assembler, Complier, Interpreter
Introductio
n

Introductio
n
Compiler is a computer program that reads a program written in one language, which is called the
source language, and translates it in to another language, which is called the target language.
The source language is a high level language and the target language is a low level language.
In general compilers can be seen as translators that translate from one language to another.

Introductio
n
Assembler is a software
or a tool that translates
Assembly language to
machine
code.
An assembler is a type of
a compiler and the
source code is written in
Assembly language.
Assembly is a human
readable language but it
typically has a one to
relationship with the
corresponding machine
code.

Introductio
n
Interpreters are not much different than
They also convert the high level language into
machine readable binary equivalents.
When an interpreter gets a high level language
code to be executed, it converts the code into an
intermediate code before converting it into the
machine code.
Each part of the code is interpreted and then execute
separately in a sequence and an error is found in a part of
the code it will top the interpretation of the code without
translating the next set of the codes.

Introductio
n
C is a general Purpose
programming
language.
Structured
Programming
Language
System Independence High Efficiency Systen Programming

Introductio
n
 Semantic
 Syntax

Introductio
n
Semantic Syntax
It is the logic or planning of
the program. Semantics can
be written in any of the
following ways:
1. Flowcharts.
2. Algorithms.
3. Pseudo codes.
It is the way of writing the
program in a particular
programming language.
Syntax changes from
to language.

Introductio
n
It is a symbolic representation of the program logic.
There are some predefined symbols used for the logic.
A flowchart shows the actual flow of the logic of a program.
The flowchart indicates the direction of flow of a process, relevant operations and computations, point of decisions and other
information which are a part of the solution.

Introductio
n
Once a problem is been properly defined, a detailed, finite, step-by-step procedure for solving it must be developed. This
procedure is known as algorithm.
Algorithm to add two numbers –
1. Read A,B.
2. Set SUM := A+B.
3. Write SUM.
4. Exit.

Introductio
n
An intermediate state of Follow Chart and Algorithms.
Example:
main()
{
integer a,b,sum;
read in a and b;
add a & b and set it to sum;
write sum;
}

Introductio
n
/*sum of two numbers*/
#include<stdio.h> /* For printf() & scanf() */
#include<conio.h> /* For clrscr() & getch() */
main() /* Starting point of the program
execution*/
{
int a,b,sum; /* Variable Declarations */
clrscr(); /* Clear Screen */
printf("enter two numbers"); /* Request for Input */
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b); /* Input from user */
sum=a+b; /* Adding two numbers */
printf("sum=%d",sum); /* Output Sum */
getch(); /* To hold output screen */

Introductio
n
Structure of C Program
Header files contain definitions
of functions
Contain variables
The Variable can be
incorporated into any C
program by using the pre-
processor.

Introductio
n
To use any of the standard functions, the appropriate header file should be
included.
#include <stdio.h>
To define a self define header type or prototype with apostrophe
#include "mydecls.h"
• #Include
Preprocessor

Introductio
n
 Statements are terminated with semicolons.
 Indentation is ignored by the compiler.
 C is case sensitive - all keywords and Standard.
 Library functions are lowercase.
 Strings are placed in double quotes.
 Newlines are handled via n
 Programs are capable of flagging success or error, those forgetting to do so
have one or other chosen randomly!

Element of
C
 Keywords.
 Identifiers.
 Literals.
 Operators.
 Separators.

Element of C
They must begin with a letter.
Upper case & lower case are significant mean total is differ.
Not start with numbers
Can not contain any special character without underscore (_)
Variable name should not be a keyword.
C Tokens

Element of C
Primary data types (int, float, char)
User defined data types (enumerator, typedef)
Derived data types (array, function, pointers, structure, union)
Empty data sets. (void)
C Tokens

Element of C
Integer
Float
Double
Character
Void
C Tokens

Element of C
C Tokens
Operato
Unary Binary Ternary

Element of C
C Tokens
Operator
Arithmetic operator.
Unary operators.
Relational operators.
Assignment operators.
Equality operators.
Logical operators.
Conditional operators.
Bitwise operators.

Element of C
C Tokens
Operator
+
-
*
/
%
+
-
++
--

Element of C
C Tokens
Operator
>
<
=>
=<
=
+=
-=
/=
%=
==
!=

Element of C
C Tokens
Operator
&&
||
!
~
&
|
^
<<
>>
Condition ? True Statement :
False Statement

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
Conditional
Statement
Condition or
Selection
If
If else
If-else if
Nested if
else
Switch

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
if(condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
if(condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}
else
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
if(condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}
else if(Condition)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}
else)
{
Statement1;
Statement2;
}

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
switch (expression)
{
case constant1:
// statements
break;
case constant2:
// statements
break;
.
.
.
default:
// default statements
}

Element of C
Conditional
Statement
Jump
Statement
goto break continue return

THANK YOU
………………………………….

C programming slide day 01 uploadd by md abdullah al shakil

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C programming slide day 01 uploadd by md abdullah al shakil