Basics of data structure

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Basic TerminologiesBasic Terminologies
Data StructuresData Structures

DefinitionDefinition
Data Structure is a way of collecting and organizingData Structure is a way of collecting and organizing
data in such a way that we can perform operations ondata in such a way that we can perform operations on
these data in an effective way. Data Structures isthese data in an effective way. Data Structures is
about rendering data elements in terms of someabout rendering data elements in terms of some
relationship, for better organization and storage.relationship, for better organization and storage.
Data structures can implement one or moreData structures can implement one or more
particular abstract data types (ADT), which are the meansparticular abstract data types (ADT), which are the means
of specifying the contract of operations andof specifying the contract of operations and
their complexity.their complexity.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms Chapter 2.2
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Abstract Data Type (ADT)Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• Mathematical description of an object with setMathematical description of an object with set
of operations on the object. Useful buildingof operations on the object. Useful building
block.block.
AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A high level, language independent, descriptionA high level, language independent, description
of a step-by-step processof a step-by-step process
Data structureData structure
• A specific family of algorithms forA specific family of algorithms for
implementing an abstract data type.implementing an abstract data type.
Implementation of data structureImplementation of data structure
• A specific implementation in a specific languageA specific implementation in a specific language
TerminologyTerminology

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DataData
Data refers to value or set of values.Data refers to value or set of values.
e.g.Marks obtained by the students.e.g.Marks obtained by the students.
Data typeData type
data type is a classification identifying one of variousdata type is a classification identifying one of various
typestypes
of data, such as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, thatof data, such as floating-point, integer, or Boolean, that
determines the possible values for that type; thedetermines the possible values for that type; the
operationsoperations
that can be done on values of that type; and the waythat can be done on values of that type; and the way
valuesvalues
of that type can be storedof that type can be stored

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Primitive data type:Primitive data type:
These are basic data types that are provided by theThese are basic data types that are provided by the
programming language with built-in support. These dataprogramming language with built-in support. These data
types are native to the language. This data type istypes are native to the language. This data type is
supported by machine directlysupported by machine directly
VariableVariable
Variable is a symbolic name given to some known orVariable is a symbolic name given to some known or
unknown quantity or information, for the purpose ofunknown quantity or information, for the purpose of
allowing the name to be used independently of theallowing the name to be used independently of the
information it represents.information it represents.

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RecordRecord
Collection of related data items is known as record. TheCollection of related data items is known as record. The
elements of records are usually Called fields or memberselements of records are usually Called fields or members
..
Records are distinguished from arrays by the fact thatRecords are distinguished from arrays by the fact that
their number of fields is typically fixed, each field has atheir number of fields is typically fixed, each field has a
name, and that each field may have a different type.name, and that each field may have a different type.
ProgramProgram
A sequence of instructions that a computer canA sequence of instructions that a computer can
interpret and execute.interpret and execute.

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AA stack is anstack is an abstract data typeabstract data type supporting push, popsupporting push, pop
and isEmpty operationsand isEmpty operations
A stackA stack data structuredata structure could use an array, a linked list,could use an array, a linked list,
or anything that can hold dataor anything that can hold data
One stackOne stack implementationimplementation is java.util.Stack; another isis java.util.Stack; another is
java.util.LinkedListjava.util.LinkedList
Terminology examplesTerminology examples

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AbstractAbstract
PseudocodePseudocode
AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A sequence of high-level,A sequence of high-level,
language independentlanguage independent
operations, which mayoperations, which may
act upon an abstractedact upon an abstracted
view of data.view of data.
• A mathematicalA mathematical
description of an objectdescription of an object
and the set of operationsand the set of operations
on the object.on the object.
AbstractAbstract
PseudocodePseudocode
AlgorithmAlgorithm
• A sequence of high-level,A sequence of high-level,
language independentlanguage independent
operations, which mayoperations, which may
act upon an abstractedact upon an abstracted
view of data.view of data.
• A mathematicalA mathematical
description of an objectdescription of an object
and the set of operationsand the set of operations
on the object.on the object.
ConceptsConcepts vs.vs. MechanismsMechanisms

Basics of data structure

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