A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture

Nov 2, 20082 likes580 views

- The document proposes a new scalable network architecture for large data centers containing tens of thousands of computers. - Traditional data center network architectures using high-end switches and routers can only support 50% of the total bandwidth available at the network edge, while also being very costly. - The proposed architecture leverages largely commodity Ethernet switches to support the full aggregate bandwidth of large clusters in a more cost-effective way, similar to how commodity computers have replaced more specialized hardware.

A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture

This document summarizes an article that surveys energy efficient multicast routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses the key challenges in designing such protocols, including high network dynamics due to node mobility, limited energy resources as nodes rely on batteries, and providing quality of service. It outlines different approaches taken by existing protocols to minimize energy consumption, such as reducing transmission power, distributing load across nodes, and putting nodes in sleep/power-down modes when idle. The purpose is to facilitate combining solutions to develop more energy efficient routing mechanisms for MANETs.

A Comprehensive Study on Vehicular Ad-Hoc Delay Tolerant Networking for Infra...inventionjournals

Generally, traditional networks presume the presence of some path between endpoints. Today, however, new applications, environments and types of devices are challenging these assumptions. In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), an end-to-end path from source to destination may not exist. Nodes may connect and exchange their information in an opportunistic way. This book represents a broad overview of DTNs, particularly focusing on Vehicular Ad-hoc DTNs, their main characteristics, challenges and our research on this field. In the near future, cars are expected to be equipped with devices that will allow them to communicate wirelessly i.e. Wi-Fi. However, there will be strict restrictions to the duration of their connections with other vehicles, whereas the conditions of their links will greatly vary; DTNs as well as Ad-hoc DTNs present an attractive solution. Therefore, Vehicular Ad-hoc DTNs constitute an attractive research field. For practical implementation, we have used two Android devices for a little range of Wi-Fi. So, by this we are trying to give us better accuracy to go further. Thorough out this document, we have mentioned those techniques we came across and also those techniques and algorithms that we used in our proposed method.

IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline

The document summarizes performance evaluation in wireless networks. It discusses how mobile ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of wireless devices that can communicate directly or through intermediate nodes. It outlines some key characteristics of MANETs including dynamic topology, bandwidth constraints, and energy constraints. It also discusses different routing approaches for MANETs such as proactive (table-driven) and reactive (on-demand) protocols. Finally, it provides an overview of the operating principles of MANETs through an example network topology.

Dynamic Hybrid Topology Design for Integrated Traffic Support in WDM Mesh Net...CSCJournals

The future Internet will require the transport of a wide range of services including high bandwidth one-to-many applications, with a dynamic interconnection of devices. WDM layer support realizes such services in a transparent, reliable and efficient way. Most of the recent studies have been focused on efficiently building and configuring light-paths for unicast or light-trees for multicast in isolation, and do not take existing traffic demands and configuration into consideration. In this paper we consider a dynamic design problem of integrated traffic in a realistic WDM mesh network. In such a network, new traffic demands of either multicast and/or unicast are supported dynamically in the presence of an existing mixture of traffic. The amount of bandwidth per wavelength is abundant, while the wavelengths and light splitting capabilities on WDM switches are limited. Using subwavelength sharing among traffic demands of unicast and multicast, we build a hybrid virtual topology that exploits both existing light-trees and light-paths. By optimizing WDM resources in addition to resource sharing with existing unicast and multicast demands, we truly maximize the WDM layer capability and efficiently support more traffic demands. We validate the efficiency of our approach with extensive simulations on various network topologies.

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Energy efficient cluster-based service discovery in wireless sensor networksambitlick

1) The document proposes an energy-efficient service discovery protocol for wireless sensor networks that exploits a cluster-based network overlay. 2) Clusterhead nodes form a distributed service registry to minimize communication costs during service discovery and maintenance. 3) The performance of the proposed integrated clustering and service discovery solution is evaluated through simulations under different network conditions.

ADAPTIVEVideoguy

This document describes ADAPTIVE, an object-oriented framework for flexible and adaptive communication protocols. ADAPTIVE aims to address the lack of flexibility in traditional transport systems to support the diverse requirements of multimedia applications and heterogeneous networks. It applies object-oriented design principles to build a framework for protocol specification, composition, prototyping and experimentation. The key components of ADAPTIVE are: (1) MANTTS, which maps application requirements to transport system configurations; (2) TKO, which implements transport sessions using reusable protocol mechanisms; and (3) UNITES, which provides monitoring, evaluation and instrumentation of protocols.

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This document proposes a new active queue management algorithm called BLUE. It summarizes that current techniques like RED rely on queue length as an indicator of congestion severity, but queue length provides little information about actual congestion levels. BLUE instead uses packet loss and link idle events to manage congestion. Simulation and experiments show BLUE significantly outperforms RED in reducing packet loss with smaller buffer requirements. The document also proposes a technique called Stochastic Fair BLUE to enforce fairness among large numbers of flows.

Part 2: Efficient Multimedia Delivery in Content-Centric Mobile NetworksDr. Mahfuzur Rahman Bosunia

This presentation summarizes research on efficient multimedia delivery in content-centric mobile networks. It discusses motivations like seamless delivery across heterogeneous networks and emerging multimedia technologies. It reviews related work on content-centric networking architectures like CCN, DONA, and JUNO. It also examines state-of-the-art approaches for mobility management, routing, multi-path transport, and edge networks. The presentation outlines the relationships between chapters, which will cover an advanced CCN architecture, H-routing, mobility prediction, selective forwarding, P2P content retrieval, and enabling real-time access.

DWDM-RAM: a data intensive Grid service architecture enabled by dynamic optic...Tal Lavian Ph.D.

The DWDM-RAM project develops an architecture for data-intensive grid services enabled by dynamic optical networks. It encapsulates optical network resources like wavelengths and lightpaths as grid services. This allows applications to schedule large data transfers using these network resources. The architecture consists of application and resource middleware layers. It is being implemented on the OMNInet photonic testbed to demonstrate on-demand and scheduled data retrieval using a dynamically switched DWDM network. In summary, DWDM-RAM schedules high-bandwidth network resources through dynamic lightpath provisioning and makes large-scale data services accessible via a grid service interface.

Sdn03KellyCheah

with 100 Mbps capacity each. During the event, we observed the traffic demands of each SDTN, and dynamically changed the 1) The document proposes a novel Software Defined Transport Network amount of resources allocated to each SDTN according to the (SDTN) architecture that enables network virtualization and demands. This demonstrated the dynamic resource allocation programmability at the transport layer, allowing multiple virtual mechanism. networks to coexist on a shared multi-layer network infrastructure. 3) Network failure recovery: We also conducted an experiment of failure recovery at the transport layer. By letting the SDTNs to 2) Key aspects of the architecture include a Physical

IEEE Final Year Projects 2011-2012 :: Elysium Technologies Pvt Ltd::Parallel ...sunda2011

EFFICIENT REAL-TIME VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK IJORCS

This document summarizes a research paper on efficient real-time video transmission in wireless mesh networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless mesh networks and their benefits. It then discusses some key challenges for real-time video transmission, including unpredictable delays, packet loss, and delay jitter due to the error-prone nature of wireless links. The paper proposes a model to provide high-capacity data transfer with reduced delay for real-time video. It simulates this model using OPNET and achieves higher throughput results. Node models for the video server, receiver, access point, and FTP client/server are also described.

Design of an Efficient Communication Protocol for 3d Interconnection NetworkIJMTST Journal

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) provide better device integration, reduced signal delay and reduced interconnect power. They additionally give better layout flexibility by permitting heterogeneous integration, by taking the advantage of intrinsic capability of reducing the wire length in 3D ICs, 3D NOC Bus Hybrid mesh layout was suggested. This layout provides an apparently significant stage to implement economical multicast routings for 3D networks-on-chip. A unique multicast partitioning and routing strategy for the 3D NOC-Bus Hybrid mesh architectures to improve the system performance and to decrease the power consumption is being proposed. The planned design exploits the useful attribute of a single-hop (bus-based) interlayer communication of the 3D stacked mesh design to supply superior hardware multicast support. Finally customized partitioning approach and an effective routing method is given to decrease the average hop count and network latency. Compared to the recently designed 3D NOC architectures being capable of supporting hardware multicasting, huge simulations with traffic profiles reveals design exploitation, which is the planned multicast routing strategy will facilitate significant performance enhancements.

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1) The document discusses buffer sizing in routers and how buffer size impacts various network parameters. It analyzes how buffer size depends on factors like number of flows, link speed ratios, and TCP window size. 2) Earlier research recommended buffer sizes equal to bandwidth-delay products, but more recent work shows buffers can be much smaller without degrading performance. Core router buffers may need only 10-20 packets depending on network conditions. 3) The core-to-access speed ratio is a key factor in determining appropriate buffer sizes. With high speed ratios, small buffers suffice, but slower ratios require larger buffers to avoid degrading performance.

A Cooperative Approach to Extend Cellular Coverage via D2D Architecture based...IJCNCJournal

The access part of all cellular network’s generation suffers from common concerns related to dead spots (zones that are not covered by the network) and hot spots (zones where the number of users is higher compared to network resources). During the last decade, lots of research proposals have tried to overcome cellular problems through multi-hop D2D architecture, which is a new paradigm allowing the direct communication between devices in cellular network to enhance network performances and improve user QoS. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop D2D architecture based on the OLSR protocol to extend cellular coverage. Cell-OLSR, which is the proposed adaptation of OLSR for our architecture, allows the exchange of cellular parameters between nodes to choose the best proxy device to forward data to the cellular base station (BS).

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Intelligent networking and the ability for applications to more effectively use all of the network’s capability, rather than just the transport “pipe,” have been elusive. Until now. Nortel has developed a proof-of-concept software capability — service-mediation “middleware” called the Dynamic Resource Allocation Controller (DRAC) — that runs on any Java platform and opens up the network to applications with proper credentials,making available all of the properties of a converged network, including service topology, time-of-day reservations, and interdomain connectivity options. With a more open network, applications can directly provision and invoke services, with no need for operator involvement or point-and click sessions. In its first real-world demonstrations in large research networks, DRAC is showing it can improve user satisfaction while reducing network operations and investment costs.

sac10servisoCarlos Eduardo Lenz

This document describes SeRViSO, a selective retransmission scheme for video streaming over overlay networks. It begins with background on related work in video streaming using application layer multicast and data-driven overlay networks. It then describes the key components of SeRViSO, which builds on existing data-driven overlay network approaches but introduces a selective retransmission mechanism to handle lost packets. Packets are prioritized based on their importance to video decoding, and a selection algorithm chooses which less important packets may not be retransmitted in order to improve playback quality when losses are high. The document evaluates SeRViSO through a prototype implementation and tests showing it can reduce retransmission overhead by up to 40% without significantly degrading video quality

Traffic management inside software-defined data centre networkingjournalBEEI

In recent years, data centre (DC) networks have improved their rapid exchanging abilities. Software-defined networking (SDN) is presented to alternate the impression of conventional networks by segregating the control plane from the SDN data plane. The SDN presented overcomes the limitations of traditional DC networks caused by the rapidly incrementing amounts of apps, websites, data storage needs, etc. Software-defined networking data centres (SDN-DC), based on the open-flow (OF) protocol, are used to achieve superior behaviour for executing traffic load-balancing (LB) jobs. The LB function divides the traffic-flow demands between the end devices to avoid links congestion. In short, SDN is proposed to manage more operative configurations, efficient enhancements and further elasticity to handle massive network schemes. In this paper the opendaylight controller (ODL-CO) with new version OF 1.4 protocol and the ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed to test the performance of the LB function using IPv6 in a SDN-DC network by studying the throughput, data transfer, bandwidth and average delay performance of the networking parameters before and after use of the LB algorithm. As a result, after applying the LB, the throughput, data transfer and bandwidth performance increased, while the average delay decreased.

Survey of Routing Scheme in MANET with Clustering TechniquesIJMER

This document provides an overview of routing schemes and clustering techniques in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses different routing protocols for MANETs including proactive, reactive, and hybrid protocols. Examples of proactive protocols mentioned are OLSR and DSDV, while reactive protocols include AODV and DSR. Hybrid protocols combine aspects of proactive and reactive routing, with examples being ZRP and CBRP. The document also surveys various clustering approaches for MANETs including location-based, neighbor-based, power-based, and mobility-based techniques. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different routing protocols and clustering methods.

MOBILE CROWD SENSING RPL-BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR SMART CITY IJCNCJournal

This document describes a new routing protocol called MCS-RPL for mobile crowd sensing applications in smart cities. MCS-RPL is based on the RPL routing protocol and introduces improvements to address RPL's issues with mobility support. It utilizes a clustering mechanism and 2D grid structure to reduce control overhead from frequent topology changes. The performance evaluation shows MCS-RPL delivers a higher packet delivery ratio and lower power consumption compared to RPL, with reductions in control packet overhead of over 75% in tested scenarios. MCS-RPL provides an alternative for mobile devices in smart city applications to opportunistically send collected sensor data to a central server without using cellular networks.

How to Develop True Distributed Simulations? HLA & DDS InteroperabilityJose Carlos Diaz

This document discusses two publish/subscribe communication standards for distributed simulations: HLA and DDS. It introduces NCWare, a middleware developed by Nextel Engineering that unifies HLA and DDS. NCWare allows applications to interoperate between HLA and DDS by mapping data between their models and providing a single API. It also improves performance over HLA by using DDS as the underlying transport protocol while maintaining HLA semantics and services. NCWare provides a simple interface and real-time QoS capabilities to enable true distributed simulations using both HLA and DDS standards.

05449931shantoeee

The document proposes an Inter-MAC architecture for heterogeneous gigabit home networks. The Inter-MAC provides a common sub-layer below the network layer that interfaces with different home networking technologies. It performs path selection and admission control based on QoS requirements to establish high-performance connections across multiple transmission technologies. Simulations show the Inter-MAC can distribute traffic across different links to satisfy QoS for applications like HDTV streaming while avoiding overloading any single link.

Cisco Part_1 by Loay Alasmaer loayalasmaer

Cisco has a 60% market share of networking devices, higher than any other competitors. Businesses realized that networking could increase productivity and save costs by addressing issues like duplication of equipment, inefficient communication, and difficult network setup and management. Network devices connect end-user devices like computers and allow them to communicate, and include things like network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, and routers.

Quantative Analysis and Evaluation of Topology Control Schemes for Utilizing ...ijsrd.com

By virtue of their robustness, cost-effectiveness, self-organizing and self-configuring nature, WMNs have emerged as a new network paradigm for a wide range of applications, such as public safety and emergency response communications, intelligent transportation systems, and community networks. It is anticipated that WMNs will not only resolve the limitations of wireless ad hoc networks, local area networks (WLANs), personal area networks (WPANs), and metropolitan area networks (WMANs) but also significantly improve such networksÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ performance. One fundamental problem of WMNs with a limited number of radio interfaces and orthogonal channels is that the performance degrades significantly as the network size grows. This results from increased interference between nodes and diminished spatial reuse over the network. In this paper, it is proposed to evaluate the performance of two different channel assignment schemes namely common channel assignment (CCA) and centralized tabu-based search algorithm under WCETT routing protocols for varying traffic load in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, average end to end delay and routing overhead using NS2 network simulator. WCETT protocol uses the weighted sum of the cumulative expected transmission time and the maximal value of efficient channels among all channels.

H1075460IJERD Editor

This document discusses propagation models for simulating wireless networks in NS-3. It provides an overview of NS-3 and describes several propagation models that are implemented in NS-3, including Friis, Log Distance, Jakes, Nakagami, and COST-231 Walfisch Ikegami models. These models predict path loss and fading to simulate wireless channel effects. The document also discusses next generation networks and the need for accurate propagation models to simulate their performance.

Characterizing the SplogosphereHiroshi Ono

This document summarizes research characterizing spam blogs (splogs) and distinguishing them from authentic blogs. Key findings include: - Splogs make up a significant portion (20-75%) of blogs indexed by search engines and receiving ping updates. - Splogs are motivated by hosting ads and promoting affiliate links to increase page rank. They use automated tools to generate blogs at large scale. - Analysis of two blog datasets found splogs have shorter content, higher outbound link counts, and abnormal ping frequency patterns compared to authentic blogs. - Spam detection using local word models on blog content achieved 87% accuracy, but link-based and ping-based features provide additional signals. - A multi

Elasticfox Owners ManualHiroshi Ono

This document is a getting started guide for Elasticfox, which is a tool for managing Amazon EC2 and S3 resources from within the Firefox browser. It provides tutorials for basic tasks like launching an EC2 instance, bundling instances into custom AMIs, creating and attaching EBS volumes, and associating elastic IP addresses. The guide covers prerequisite software, setting up credentials and key pairs, and provides step-by-step instructions for completing each tutorial. It also includes a table of contents and sections on core concepts and advanced topics for each tutorial.

The Evolution of Internet-Scale Event Notification ServicesHiroshi Ono

The document discusses the evolution of internet-scale event notification services from past to present to future. In the past, event-based integration occupied niche applications and adapted to loosely-coupled systems. Presently, crossing trust domains raises new internet concerns. Looking to the future, there is an explosion of diverse and competing protocol proposals that will likely converge based on selection criteria. The document aims to provide context on existing systems, identify design choices, discuss new research issues, and inform principled design selections.

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Programmable networking allows applications and networks to interact in real-time. This is achieved through protocols like OpenFlow, PCE, ALTO, and BGP-TE that enable bidirectional communication. This dynamic interaction allows applications to influence network behavior and networks to optimize themselves based on application needs. It results in improved user experience through capabilities like intelligent service routing, traffic engineering, and policy enforcement.

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To Infinity and Beyond - 2012 Internet Scale Workloads and Internet-scale Data Center Design: This Oct 2012 presentation given at the IBM Europe Symposium in Budapest, takes an advanced look at today's massive internet scale workloads and data centers, and dissects how/what lessons we can/should/must apply to our own IT shops. We'll examine how Internet Scale is very different than a collection of co-located servers - how these data centers respond to real-time, dynamic, fluid, competitive-advantage-leapfrog Internet business environments. These Internet-scale data center's servers, storage, software use new approaches to work as a end-to-end efficient, flexible, adaptable work flow. Using Google's definitive work on "The Data Center as A Computer - Intro to Warehouse-scale Machine" as a foundation (superb open license material by Google 2009), come discover the design, deployment, and lessons that we all must learn from these giants of the Internet. Why / How do they do what they do? Where are they being built? How are they powered and cooled? What are deployment form factors, design philosophies, power/cooling/packaging principles and trends, including modular portable container data center architecture? You'll come away knowing what you should apply to your own individual IT datacenter infrastructure in 2012 and beyond. My only request when using / referencing this material, is that you give full credit to me and IBM as the original authors of this research. That having been said, please spread the good word with good business judgement - we all benefit in today's modern global world.

Resource Overbooking and Application Proﬁling in Shared ...webhostingguy

This document proposes techniques for overbooking CPU and network resources in shared hosting platforms running third-party applications. It introduces techniques to profile applications on dedicated nodes to estimate their resource needs, which can then be used to guide placement of application components onto shared nodes in an overbooked manner. The paper demonstrates that controlled overbooking of resources by small amounts, such as 1-5%, can significantly increase cluster utilization and the number of supported applications, while still providing performance guarantees to applications through commonly used QoS allocation mechanisms.

UNIT I -Cloud Computing (1).pdflauroeuginbritto

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This document describes PNUTS, a massively parallel and geographically distributed database system used by Yahoo for its web applications. PNUTS provides scalable data storage and low-latency access for large numbers of concurrent requests and updates across different continents. It uses a consistency model that allows for relaxed guarantees to improve performance, offering applications transactional features without requiring full serializability. The first version of PNUTS is currently serving Yahoo's production systems.

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1. The document discusses the potential for peer-to-peer (P2P) computing as an alternative or complement to the traditional client-server model, especially in the context of cloud computing. 2. It notes challenges with P2P such as lack of centralized control and potential for freeloading, but also advantages like harnessing unused resources. 3. Emerging technologies like autonomic and cognitive networking aim to address P2P challenges by enabling self-configuration and optimization of distributed resources.

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A computer cluster is a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely and can be viewed as a single computer. Clusters have evolved to improve speed and support applications like e-commerce and databases. The first commodity clustering product was ARCnet in 1977, and now Microsoft, Sun, and others offer clustering packages. Clusters significantly reduce the cost of processing power, eliminate single points of failure through availability, and can grow in capacity as nodes are added. They are commonly used for web services, databases, and computationally or data-intensive tasks. Programming clusters requires messaging between nodes since memory cannot be directly accessed between nodes.

Juniper Networks: Q Fabric ArchitectureTechnologyBIZ

The document discusses a white paper from Juniper Networks about their new QFabric data center network architecture. The QFabric architecture aims to address challenges with the traditional multi-tiered tree network structure in data centers. It proposes a "flattened" network with a single tier that operates like a single Ethernet switch to improve performance, scalability and simplify operations compared to legacy data center networks. The QFabric architecture is presented as enabling data centers to better support virtualized, converged environments.

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As organizations rush to "put AI everywhere," UX professionals find themselves at a critical inflection point. Beyond crafting efficient interfaces that satisfy user needs, we face a deeper challenge: how do we ensure AI-powered systems create meaningful rather than alienating work experiences? This talk confronts an uncomfortable truth: our standard approach of "letting machines do what machines do best" often backfires. When we position humans primarily as AI overseers or strip analytical elements from roles to "focus on human skills," we risk creating technically efficient but professionally hollow work experiences. Drawing from real-world implementations and professional practice, we'll explore four critical dimensions that determine whether AI-augmented work remains meaningful: - Agency Level: How much genuine control and decision-making scope remains? - Challenge Dimension: Does the work maintain appropriate cognitive engagement? - Professional Identity: How is the core meaning of work impacted? - Responsibility-Authority Gap: Do accountability and actual control remain aligned? Key takeaways of this talk include: - A practical framework for evaluating AI's impact on work quality - Warning signs of problematic implementation patterns - Strategies for preserving meaningful work in AI-augmented environments - Approaches for influencing implementation decisions This session assumes familiarity with organizational design challenges but focuses on emerging patterns rather than technical implementation. It aims to equip UX professionals with new perspectives for shaping how AI transforms work—not just how efficiently it performs tasks.

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What if product-market fit isn't enough? We’ve all encountered companies willing to spend time and resources on product-market fit, since any solution needs to solve a problem for people able and willing to pay to solve that problem, but assuming that user experience can be “added” later. Similarly, value proposition-what a solution does and why it’s better than what’s already there-has a valued place in product development, but it assumes that the product will automatically be something that people can use successfully, or that an MVP can be transformed into something that people can be successful with after the fact. This can require expensive rework, and sometimes stops product development entirely; again, UX professionals are deeply familiar with this problem. Solutions with solid product-behavior fit, on the other hand, ask people to do tasks that they are willing and equipped to do successfully, from purchasing to using to supervising. Framing research as developing product-behavior fit implicitly positions it as overlapping with product-market fit development and supports articulating the cost of neglecting, and ROI on supporting, user experience. In this talk, I’ll introduce product-behavior fit as a concept and a process and walk through the steps of improving product-behavior fit, how it integrates with product-market fit development, and how they can be modified for products at different stages in development, as well as how this framing can articulate the ROI of developing user experience in a product development context.