Implementation of Geo-fencing to monitor a specific target using Point in Polygon Algorithm

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1000
Implementation of Geo-fencing to monitor a specific target using Point
in Polygon Algorithm
Ajay Talele1, Aditya Vaishale2, Mohish Khadse3, Suraj Chaudhari4, Khushi Junnare5,
Aditya Ingale6
1Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, India
2,3,4,5,6Student, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, India
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Abstract - Geo-fence is a method in which we use GPS, RFID,
Wi-Fi or cellular data to provoke an action whenever our
device or RFID tag is inside or outside a virtual borderline.
Some of the most common applications of Geo-Fence are in
automation, management, security, andmarketing. Some geo-
fences are set for monitoring activity in safe areas, which
allows the administrator to get notified or alerted when
anyone enters or exits that specific area. In this project paper,
we have demonstrated the use of Geo-FenceusingNodeMCU. A
virtual border or fence is created.
Key Words: Geo-Fencing, Internet of Things, NodeMCU,
ESP8266, Neo 6M, Location Based Services.
1. INTRODUCTION
Security methods and navigators have continually becomea
necessity of a human’s existence. The incidents of leading
Radios have caused progressive changes in these fields.
Equipment stealing is a harshquestioninmanycorporations
containing conveyance and building, exceptionally for more
meaningful trades. There is no resolution in listening to the
shift of the bus, and we mix up the current condition and
position of the jeeps. The GPS - located car radio detection
and ranging is an individual's ultimate understandable
habits. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a schemethat
determines trustworthy part and period news always in
some weather condition on dust. We are goingtoanswerthe
site following question by utilizing GPS located listening
whole accompanying a geo-swordsmanship wherewithal to
path the bicycle. This arrangement covered any important
parts that linked subsidiary ideas to ideas abouttheposition
of the automobile to a detached consumer. Geo-
swordsmanship authorized detached listening of terrestrial
districts among a in essence fence (geo-fence), and
mechanical detections when it traced movable objects that
filed or withdrew these extents.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature survey of some of the research papers
referred is given in this section.
The paper [1] talks about the Geo-fencing infrastructure.
Geo-Fence is a feature that makes use of Global Positioning
System (GPS) or RFID i.e. radio frequency identification to
create geo-boundaries. It entails both continuous location of
the mobile device and continual matching of the mobile's
position with a set of geo-fences. This paper talks about the
Location based services (LBS), geofencing, its working and
applications. LBS are mobile-phone-based servicesthattake
into consideration the device's geographic location.
Information is provided by LBS. Because LBS are so reliant
on the location of the mobile user, the major goal of the
service provider's system is to figure out where the user is.
Geo-fencing encircles a geographic area with GPS
coordinates, and uses the location data of a mobile user to
determine his or her proximity to that region. There are 2
types of Geo-Fencing namely Circular Geo-Fence and
Polygonal Geo-Fence. In circular, a radius is decided and the
circular area around a specific point is fenced. Whereas in a
polygonal Geo-Fence, the latitude and longitude values are
used to create the gro-fence. So, the basic idea of Geo-
Fencing is explained in this paper along with some
applications.
The paper [2] discusses the use of Geo-Fencing and Machine
learning in tracking Covid-19 Patients. The aim of the
proposed project was to control the pandemic on National
and personal level. The role of geo-fence istotracetheuser's
location. Also the location of the people that have come in
contact with the infected person. An App with inbuilt
features of Geo-Fencing was created which created geo-
fences around the user and people around him/her.
In the paper [3] the use of Geo-Fence in location tracking of
vehicles is explained. The rate of vehicle theft is increasing
day by day, and the problem is becoming worse. Thissystem
is designed for the protection of vehicles in an efficient way
and economic way. A geo-Fence can be created in which the
vehicle usually travels. And the location is tracked using the
GPS module and is visible on the google map and Ubidots
platform. So whenever the vehicle is out of the fence, the
owner is notified and the action can be taken respectively.
This will help the owner to track the location details of the
vehicle and protect the vehicle.
A system to protect children fromchildmaltreatment(CM)is
proposed in the paper [4]. The issue is increasing rapidly in
the 21st century. An application is made in which we can set
the limit of the mobile user to a specific area. The location of
the child is traced by the mobile phone GPS. Also some
different modules lik communication and voice recording
modules are introduced. Whenever the child is outside the

area set on the app, the parents are notified and a
notification on the child's mobile is also displayed. Then the
child can select I’m safe option if he/sheissafe. ThisITbased
application with geo-fencing techniquesisintroducedinthis
paper.
In paper [5] Victoria Bopearachchiproposesa novel strategy
to track covid-19 patients usinga GPS-basedtrackingsystem
which can provide a live map of the patient's position. The
suggested system includes an ESP8266-12E, a push button,
battery and a NEO-6M GPS module.Throughcommunication
with satellites, the NEO-6M GPS module sends and receives
signals carrying information on the user's location. Latitude
and longitude information is read if nodemcu connected to
Wi-Fi successfully; else, position coordinates are saved on
the server. Real-time mapping of patientsisalsoprovidedon
a web application.
Supreeth SK et al. [6] proposes a system which uses a sensor
network to track the whereabouts of animals in sanctuaries
and national parks without causing harm totheanimals.The
proposed system uses sensors to detect animal positions.
The sensed information is storedtothecloudserverand also
displayed on a LCD screen. The proposed system improved
knowledge about animal ranges and ecosystems. But comes
with some drawbacks like expensive High-endtechnologies.
G. Ramesh et al. [7] proposes a system to precisely pinpoint
the animal's location inside that wide space. The proposed
tracking system is based on GPS and the WIFIModule, which
runs in real-time on the Arduino-ATmega328P. In the
proposed system, the GPS module is used to get the
coordinates. Through the Wi-Fi module the data is storedon
the cloud. A web Application is created to receive the
coordinates of location from the Wi-Fi module. When
compared to other tracking technologies, the proposed
system is fast and accurate method of determining the
location of the animal.
According to [9] technology providesa high-securitysystem
that protects automobilesfrombeingstolen.Italsodelivered
an alert to the user depending on the location's boundaries
by utilising the Internet of Things (IoT). In thisinvestigation,
the system could simply monitor and track the car'slocation
and send an alert when the vehicle left the geo -fencingarea.
However [10] a similar kind of system is also used for the
covid 19 patient monitoring, The system is divided into four
levels, each with its own set of capabilities: wearable
sensors, a cloud server layer, an IoT gateway layer, and a
client application layer for viewing and analysis. The
wearable sensors layer comprises of wearable biomedical
and GPS sensors for physiological metrics,aswell asGPSand
Wi-Fi Received Signal Quality Indicator collection for
healthcare applications and user Geo-fencing. Also this kind
of system are also being tried to put their application in
wildlife monitoring domain [8] the authors concentrate on
three types of animal monitoring applications: position
tracking, ecosystem environment observation, and
behavioral patterns identification.
3. PROPOSED WORK
The project is creating a Geo-Fence using NodeMCU andGPS
module. It creates a virtual boundary or fence that covers a
physical area. It creates a wall between that area and the
outside environment. But geo-Fence is not like a physical
fence, it can detect the movement of the object or body
within the fence only. In this project, we used the polygonal
Geo-fencing technique. The objectives of the project will be
like to track the target location, to display the target location
on Google Maps, to give target status i.e. Inside or Outside
geo-fence, to Alarm with buzzer and LED light when the
target is outside. The hardware needed for the proposed
system will be Node MCU, GPS module- Neo 6M, LIPO
Battery.
The most important task in geo-fence is deciding whether
the object is inside or outside the virtual fence we created.
The fence can be of any shape. For example figure 1. This
problem is solved by assuming that the fence is of polygonal
shape. Considering this we chose this algorithm.
Let’s suppose that the shape of the fence is of N dimensions.
The coordinates of all the vertices are given as Vn (Xn, Yn)
format. The coordinate of target point is given by T (Xt, Yt).
In this algorithm, the sum of angles between the consecutive
lines which are drawn from the tracking point to vertices is
the deciding factor that will decide whether the target point
is within or outside the fence. The sum can be taken
clockwise or anticlockwise.
Fig-1: Point-in-Polygon
The steps for calculating the angle between the two
coordinates are given below. The dot product of two vectors
(|a.b|) = |a|.|b|.cos(θ). Here, ‘a’ is the vector from tracking
point to vertex 1 and b is the vector from tracking point to
vertex 2.
a= (x1 - xt)i + (y1 - yt)j
b= (x2 - xt)i + (y2 - yt)j
From dot point we can write,
θ = 〖cos〗^(-1) ((|a.b|)/(|a| .|b|))

In this way, we can find all the angles between all the
consecutive points.
The flowchart below shows the steps of the algorithm. If the
addition of all the angles is equal to 360 then the target is
inside the fence and if not, then the target is outside the
fence.
Fig-2: Flowchart of point-in-polygon algorithm.
 θ_sum = θ_1+ θ_2 + θ_3 +... + θ_n = 360
Target position is inside
 θ_sum = θ_1+ θ_2 + θ_3 +... + θ_n ≠ 360
Target position is outside.
The sample geo-fence iscreatedusingGoogleMapforgetting
the coordinates points latitude and longitude values. By
using these values, we’ll make a virtual geo-fence for the
system. Here, we’ve created mygeo-fenceusing8coordinate
points.
The target status will be inside if the location is within these
coordinate points and vice versa. Our system will verify the
location of the device using a GPS module and display the
output on the server we created.
Fig-3: Geo-Fence image.
We used Node MCU for controlling the system. The Neo 6M
module was used for tracking the location. A LIPO Battery
with Charging and Discharging IC is connected to the
controller.
Fig-4: Circuit Diagram
Various libraries were imported like TinyGPS++,
ESP8266WebServer, WifiClient, etc for the project. An array
was created first for storingthelatitudeandlongitudevalues
of the coordinates. Once the GPS turnsonandisconnectedto
the Node MCU, the location will be displayed on the web
server which is created using HTML and CSS. Using this
location, the point-in-polygon algorithm is applied and the
target status can be given totheserver.We’vealsointerfaced
a Buzzer and LED to the Node MCU. If the target status is
outside, the buzzer we interfaced will makea soundandalso
the LED will glow for a time duration.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The location of the target is tracked and displayed on the
web server created. TheparameterslikeLatitude,Longitude,
No. of sats and the target Status are displayed on the server.
Also we can check the current location of the device on
Google Maps. The below image illustrates the web server.
Fig-5: Web Server

The results of this project show that the system developed
gives many advantages and benefits to the user. In the end,
this project proved its effectiveness as it provided
approximately 95% location accuracy compared to the
actual card on the mobile phone.
5. APPLICATION
The designed system is flexible to implement on any of the
below applications.
1. Cattle grazing management
2. Vehicle theft Control
3. Child Safety
4. Geo-fencing in agriculture.
5. Geo-fencing in the forest
6. CONCLUSIONS
The designed system provides accurate status of the target
device by using various communication technologies like
hardware and software systems. The position of the device
was also displayed on the web server and the Target of the
device was displayed. The system can help in various fields.
This system has been tried out in various conditions and
gives accurate results. It can be used for location tracking.
Geo-fencing shows maximum security results when coming
or going out of the virtual zone. The GPS-based geo-fencing
location tracking system has been successfully built.
However, this system can be made more powerful byusinga
more precise GPS unit.
The proposed system is successfully developed with precise
design, flexibility and customizable.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
System can be further modified to use a more precise GPS
module for getting a more accurate location. A mobile
application can be designed to make the location details
available on it and actions can be taken accordingly.
According to the application,wecanaddfeaturesrequired to
the system.
REFERENCES
[1] Rahate, Sachin W., “Geo-fencingInfrastructure:Location
Based Service.” ,2016.
[2] D. Koshti, S. Kamoji, K. Cheruthuruthy, S. P. Shahi and M.
Mishra, "A Detection, Tracking and Alerting System for
Covid-19 using Geo-Fencing and Machine Learning,"
2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent
Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2021, pp.
1499-1506,doi:10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432254.R.
Nicole, “Title of paper with only firstwordcapitalized,”J.
Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.
[3] A.H. Abbas, Mohammed I. Habelalmateen, Syukran
Jurdi,. Audah, and N.A.M. Alduais. “GPS Based Location
Monitoring System with Geo-fencing Capabilities”.
(2019).
[4] S. P. Raflesia, Firdaus and D. Lestarini, "An Integrated
Child Safety using Geo-fencing Information on Mobile
Devices," 2018 International Conference on Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS), 2018, pp.
379-384, doi: 10.1109/ICECOS.2018.8605200.
[5] Bopearachchi, Victoria. "COVID-19PATIENTTRACKING
SYSTEM."
[6] Supreeth, S. K., D. N. Suraj, A. R. Vishnu, and V. Vishruth.
"Iot–wildlife monitoring virtual fencing with
deforestation notifications." International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) (2019):
1837-1840.
[7] Ramesh, G., K. Sivaraman,V. Subramani,P.Yoga Vignesh,
and S. Venkata Veera Bhogachari. "Farmanimal location
tracking system using arduino andgpsmodule."In2021
International Conference on Computer Communication
and Informatics (ICCCI), pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2021.
[8] Liu, Xiaohan, Tao Yang, and Baoping Yan. "Internet of
Things for wildlife monitoring." In 2015 IEEE/CIC
International Conference on Communications in China-
Workshops (CIC/ICCC), pp. 62-66. IEEE, 2015.
[9] Abbas, A. H., Mohammed I. Habelalmateen, Syukran
Jurdi, Lukman Audah, and N. A. M. Alduais. "GPS based
location monitoring system with geo-fencing
capabilities." In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2173,
no. 1, p. 020014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2019.
[10] Ullah, Farman, Hassan Ul Haq, Jebran Khan, Arslan
Ali Safeer, Usman Asif, and Sungchang Lee. "Wearable
iots and geo-fencing based framework for COVID-19
remote patient health monitoring and quarantine
management to control the pandemic." Electronics 10,
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