The document discusses using the spread operator to conditionally add keys to an object in a cleaner way than using if statements. It shows an example of using the spread operator to add a 'bio', 'books', 'email', or 'website' key to the aboutAuthor object based on their existence in the info object, providing a cleaner alternative to multiple if statements. The spread operator allows checking for a key and adding it to the object in one line, improving readability over separate conditional blocks.