Building Information Modeling (BIM) involves a series of stages that collectively contribute to the comprehensive planning, design, construction, and management of a building project. These stages are often referred to as BIM maturity levels or dimensions, each adding increasing levels of detail and complexity. Here's an outline of the key stages of BIM modeling:
1. Pre-BIM Stage (Level 0)
- 2D CAD Drafting: Traditional computer-aided design (CAD) using 2D drawings.
- Paper-Based Processes: Reliance on paper drawings and documents for information sharing.
2. BIM Stage 1 (Level 1)
- 3D CAD Modeling: Introduction of 3D models, but typically used for visualization rather than information management.
- Basic Collaboration: Sharing of electronic documents and drawings, often through common data environments (CDEs).
- Information Silos: Models and data are not fully integrated, and collaboration is limited.
3. BIM Stage 2 (Level 2)
- Collaborative 3D BIM: Integrated 3D models where multiple stakeholders collaborate using a shared environment.
- Information Exchange Standards: Use of standardized formats like Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie).
- Enhanced Collaboration: Better coordination among disciplines through model-based collaboration and clash detection.
- Data Integration: Integration of various data types (architectural, structural, MEP—mechanical, electrical, plumbing) into a unified model.
4. BIM Stage 3 (Level 3)
- Integrated BIM (iBIM): Fully integrated and interoperable BIM environment with real-time data sharing.
- Lifecycle Management: BIM data is used throughout the entire lifecycle of the building—from design and construction to operation and maintenance.
- Cloud-Based Collaboration: Use of cloud technology for seamless collaboration and data sharing.
- Advanced Analysis and Simulation: Enhanced capabilities for energy analysis, sustainability simulations, and other performance metrics.
5. BIM Stage 4 (Level 4)
- 4D BIM (Scheduling): Incorporation of time-related information into the BIM model for construction scheduling and sequencing.
- Construction Simulation: Visualization of construction processes over time to improve planning and efficiency.
6. BIM Stage 5 (Level 5)
- 5D BIM (Cost Estimation): Integration of cost data into the BIM model for accurate and dynamic cost estimation.
- Budget Management: Real-time cost tracking and financial management throughout the project lifecycle.
7. BIM Stage 6 (Level 6)
- 6D BIM (Sustainability): Incorporation of sustainability and energy performance data into the BIM model.
- Lifecycle Assessment: Analysis of environmental impact and sustainability metrics over the building's lifecycle.
8. BIM Stage 7 (Level 7)
- 7D BIM (Facility Management): Integration of facility management data into the BIM model for efficient operation and maintenance.
- Asset Management: Use of BIM for managing building assets, including maintenance schedules, operation manuals, and lifecycle management.
9. Future Stages (Beyond 7D)
- 8D BIM and Beyond: Potential future dimensions could include aspects such as safety management, disaster planning, and other specialized applications.
Summary
These stages reflect the progressive adoption and integration of BIM technologies, moving from basic 2D drafting to advanced, fully integrated building lifecycle management. The ultimate goal is to create a holistic, data-rich environment that supports efficient design, construction, and operation of buildings, while fostering collaboration and improving outcomes at every stage of the project.
