Scala is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language. It is a pure object-oriented programming language which also provides the support to the functional programming approach. There is no concept of primitive data as everything is an object in Scala. It is designed to express the general programming patterns in a refined, succinct, and type-safe way. Scala programs can convert to bytecodes and can run on the JVM(Java Virtual Machine). Scala stands for Scalable language. It also provides the Java script runtimes. Scala is highly influenced by Java and some other programming languages like Lisp, Haskell, Pizza, etc.
Scala was designed by the Martin Odersky, professor of programming methods at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland and a German computer scientist. Martin Odersky is also the co-creator of javac (Java Compiler), Generic Java, and EPFL’s Funnel programming language. He started to design the Scala in 2001. Scala was first released publicly in 2004 on the Java platform as its first version. In June 2004, Scala was modified for the .Net Framework. Soon it was followed by second version i.e. (v2.0) in 2006. At JavaOne conference in 2012, Scala was awarded as the winner of the ScriptBowl contest. From June 2012, Scala doesn’t provide any support for .Net Framework. The latest version of scala is 2.12.6 which released on 27-Apr-2018.
Scala has many reasons for being popular among programmers. Few of the reasons are :
- Easy to Start: Scala is a high level language so it is closer to other popular programming languages like Java, C, C++. Thus it becomes very easy to learn Scala for anyone. For Java programmers, Scala is more easy to learn.
- Contains best Features: Scala contains the features of different languages like C, C++, Java, etc. which makes the it more useful, scalable and productive.
- Close integration with Java: The source code of the Scala is designed in such a way that its compiler can interpret the Java classes. Also, Its compiler can utilize the frameworks, Java Libraries, and tools etc. After compilation, Scala programs can run on JVM.
- Web – Based & Desktop Application Development: For the web applications it provides the support by compiling to JavaScript. Similarly for desktop applications, it can be compiled to JVM bytecode.
- Used by Big Companies: Most of the popular companies like Apple, Twitter, Walmart, Google etc. move their most of codes to Scala from some other languages. reason being it is highly scalable and can be used in backend operations.
Some of the key characteristics of Scala Programming include:
- It is an object-oriented language that supports many traditional design patterns being inherited from existing programming languages.
- It supports functional programming that enables it to handle concurrency and distributed programming at the fundamental level.
- Scala design to run on a JVM platform that helps indirectly using Java libraries and other feature-rich APIs.
- Scala Programming is statically typed that prevents it from problems of dynamically typing.
- It is easy to implement into existing Java projects as Scala libraries can use within Java code.
- There is no need to declare variables in Scala as Scala compiler can infer most types of variables.
- Multiple traits designate for a class and then their interface and behaviour can combine.
- It supports first-class objects and anonymous functions
