Safeguarding Public Interest Media: A Global Imperative with a Kenyan Focus

Public interest media plays a critical function in both democracy and development. However, this role has come under increasingly acute threat due to attacks on media and journalists, the deteriorating financial situation of many media outlets, and the rapid global rise and spread of mis- and disinformation and propaganda. Freedom of expression, media independence, diverse perspectives, and access to information are the cornerstones of democracy. A well-functioning independent media system is critical to sustainable social and economic development, and a bulwark of peaceful, economically prosperous societies. Greater citizen engagement, stronger accountability, and lower corruption are all attributable to the presence of professional news media. A vibrant news sector is also fundamental as the first line of defense against democratic backsliding.

 However, in recent years, the role of the media in providing trustworthy information has come under increasing threat. According to UNESCO, press freedom declined by 85% between 2017 and 2022, 441 journalists were killed, and the majority of these cases remain unresolved. Government censorship of the media has worsened in most countries, while Mis- and disinformation is preventing citizens from accessing reliable information and making informed decisions, undermining the democratic process. Artificial intelligence, for example through social media algorithms, is having a profound influence on public debate. The transformation of traditional media business models compounds the challenging environment. Advertising revenues have shifted drastically to social media platforms, and print media faces declining circulation and sales. Financial challenges and limited access to capital, philanthropy, and government support have led to the closure of news outlets.

This global decline in the information environment poses a significant threat to public interest media, putting global democracy and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals at risk. In Kenya, the media landscape is dynamic and complex, incorporating traditional print media, radio, television, and digital platforms. These diverse outlets play a crucial role in disseminating information and contributing to the country's information ecosystem. However, challenges persist, with media pluralism and ownership concentration being key issues. Certain sectors experience a concentration of ownership and political influence, potentially limiting the diversity of voices and perspectives available to the public.

The digital divide further complicates the media landscape in Kenya, with urban areas enjoying greater connectivity compared to rural regions. This disparity not only affects information access but also influences civic discourse, creating a divide in participation and engagement. The rise of disinformation and misinformation poses a substantial threat to information integrity, challenging journalism's role as a reliable source.

Journalists in Kenya often face threats, harassment, and physical harm, jeopardizing their ability to operate freely. These compromises press freedom and reinforce the need for comprehensive strategies to ensure journalists can report without fear.  Media literacy among the public is a critical challenge, hindering the evaluation of information accuracy. Strengthening media literacy is imperative for fostering an informed and discerning citizenry capable of navigating the complexities of the media landscape.  

In the face of these challenges, addressing issues of media pluralism, the digital divide, disinformation, journalist safety, and media literacy is imperative for enhancing the effectiveness and credibility of the media in Kenya. Strategic interventions and comprehensive initiatives are essential to create a media environment that not only informs but empowers the public, fostering a society well-equipped to navigate the evolving media landscape.