Global Holidays and Traditions - December 2024

By now, you already know that December comes from the Latin root decem- meaning “ten” as we approach the final month of the Gregorian year (and tenth month of the Julian or Roman year).  It has been quite a year so hopefully we can finish it on a higher note. Whether you’re celebrating on the beach in the southern hemisphere or in the snow in the north, December has many important celebrations and a few wonderfully crazy traditions, so onward ho!

Let’s start by recognizing a few Independence and National Days celebrated around the world:

1st         Independence Day, Central African Republic and Portugal

2nd       National Day, United Arab Emirates and in Lao

6th       Independence Day, Finland and Constitution Day in Spain

9th       Independence Day, Tanzania

11th       Independence Day, Burkina Faso

12th      Independence Day (Jamhuri Day), Kenya

13th      Republic Day, Malta

16th      Independence Day, Bahrain and Kazakhstan

18th      National Day, Qatar

24th     Independence Day, Libya

26th     Independence Day, Slovenia

29th     Independence Day, Mongolia

Also starting on December 1st is the Christmas Countdown known as Advent to those celebrating it! The Advent season marks the 24 days leading up to Christmas and is often associated with an Advent Wreath or Calendar, often including small toys, snacks, or pictures to celebrate each day leading up to the big one! This year, I treated myself to a wine-a-day Advent Calendar and I’m looking forward to it! 

Chichibu Yomatsuri is held 2-3 December in Japan every year! This festival is famous throughout Japan and was even registered as an “Intangible Cultural Heritage” by UNESCO in 2016. After fireworks and other celebrations on the 2nd, four large floats the size of small houses are pulled through the streets of Chichibu on December 3rd. In the afternoon, stages are pulled out from the main floats and kabuki is performed for the public. That night, the floats are pulled up the slope of Dango Hill while fireworks light the winter sky.

Eid il-Burbara (Saint Barbara's Day) is a religious holiday celebrated by Middle Eastern Christians. It is observed on December 4, the feast day of Saint Barbara. The holiday is celebrated by Christians in Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. Saint Barbara was born in the mid-3d century in present-day Lebanon or Turkey. She was the daughter of a rich pagan. According to legend, Saint Barbara witnessed a miracle while fleeing from her father, who had kept her locked up in a tower. She ran through a freshly planted wheat field, which grew instantly to cover her track. Middle Eastern Christians recreate this miracle symbolically by planting different seeds and grains (wheat, barley, lentils, beans, chick peas, etc.) in soaked cotton wool. On Christmas, shoots from the seeds planted on St. Barbara's Day are used to decorate the nativity scene.

December 5th in Küssnacht, Switzerland is home to one of the strangest festivals in December, KlausJagen (Nicholas Hunt/Chase) where locals take to the northern shore of Lake Lucerne and chase down Santa with a cowbell (and lots of yelling). The medieval pagan practice was originally intended to scare off evil spirits with noise but has transformed into a Christian festival involving good ol’ St. Nick. The night before, the entire village gathers for a parade wearing candlelit hats. Once Santa appears, the townspeople chase him down and give him a beating! 😂

There are many traditions involving St Nicholas, so let’s go the Netherlands to experience one of the original ones!  Every year around mid-November, St. Nicholas (Sinterklaas) arrives in The Hague by boat from his (summer?) home in Spain. During the two weeks before his 'birthday' on the 5th of December, Sinterklaas rides across rooftops at night on his white horse. He listens through chimneys for children singing songs and leaves gifts and sweets in their shoes, which children put out at night (with a carrot for the horse) at the fireplace. Sinterklaas also has a Great Book, which has a report on all children: whether they have been 'good' or 'bad' this year.

On 5 December, Sinterklaas ends with 'Pakjesavond' (Gifts evening). On Pakjesavond, children anxiously wait for Sinterklaas to knock on their door. Although 'Sint' will usually be gone by the time they answer, a burlap sack full of gifts will await them on their doorstep. Following Sinterklaas' visit, each member of the family takes turns handing out presents to the others and unwrapping them! 

In Germany and Austria, Krampus Night or Krampusnacht also starts on the 5th of December when the wicked hairy devil appears on the streets. Sometimes accompanying St. Nicholas and sometimes on his own, Krampus visits homes and businesses. Unlike North American versions of Santa Claus, in these celebrations Saint Nicholas concerns himself only with the good children, while Krampus is responsible for the naughty. Nicholas dispenses gifts, while Krampus supplies coal and bundles of sticks!

St. Nicholas Day on December 6 carries some connection to Christmas and Santa Claus, but there is an interesting history.  St. Nicholas derived from Nicholas of Myra and was a bishop in 4th century Greece. He was known for selling off his own items and then giving the money to the poor. He would commonly leave coins in people’s shoes and dedicated his entire life to serving under privileged people.

Meanwhile, all of Thailand celebrates their revered King Bhumibol’s Birthday on December 6th. The occasion is also known as Thailand’s National Day and Father’s Day. Thailand becomes a giant celebration, where almost everyone is out on the streets to pay tribute to their great king. I have been in Thailand during his birthday and it’s an amazing experience!

On a more somber note, we travel to Hawaii for December 7th, when the United States commemorates the day Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor. On that day in 1941, more than 2,400 people died in Japan’s attack on the Hawaiian base of America’s Pacific Fleet. Hundreds of aircraft and most of the ships in the harbor were destroyed or damaged, and thousands of service men and women were killed or injured. It was an unprecedented surprise attack that precipitated the United States entry into WW II.

Bodhi Day is celebrated in Japan on December 8 every year. In Japan, the day is known as Rohatsu and was moved to its current date when Emperor Meiji began the westernization of Japan and introduced the Gregorian calendar. Bodhi Day is observed to mark the moment 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gautama achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha or ‘awakened one.’ Enlightenment is celebrated on Bodhi Day as a reminder of Buddha’s victory over temptation and the forces of skepticism that try to keep him from achieving it. It is customary for people to light candles or string lights around temples and other sacred places for 30 days after Bodhi Day to symbolize enlightenment.

Also on December 8th, many countries including Argentina, Austria, Chile, Colombia, Guam, Italy, Malta, Panama, Philippines, Portugal and Spain celebrate the Feast of the Immaculate Conception with a public holiday and one of the most important Catholic holidays. It is a day that celebrates the belief that Mary, mother of Jesus, was preserved from original sin all of her life.  This day is also a holiday in Panama, where they celebrate Mother's Day.

Have you met Caga Tió? 

Caga Tió is one of the most highly anticipated holiday guests in homes across Catalonia and Aragon around Christmas. Caga Tió (pronounced ca-ca) is a small log with two legs, a smiling face and a traditional Catalonian red barretina (beret). This cheerful character is renowned for his generosity towards small children despite their poor treatment of him. You see, the best way to get Caga Tió to give gifts is to beat him with a stick. Caga Tió arrives at the doorstep in early December, usually around the time of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Those he visits are expected to take him in and take care of him until Christmas Day. They feed the Tió every night using peels from fruits, vegetables and other natural wastes in hopes that the Tió will ‘excrete’ more and more goodies for them at Christmas.

When the big day arrives (often Christmas Eve or Christmas Day in some homes), children beat the Tió with sticks so he’ll “poop” candy, small toys and treats. While they hit him, it’s customary to sing a traditional folk song:

Caga tió, caga torrons, avellanes i mató,

si no cagues bé et daré un cop de bastó.

Caga tió!

This is one of my favorite traditions in the world and I’ve been lucky enough to meet Caga Tió in Barcelona!

Nobel Prize Day falls on December 10 every year, honoring the achievements of Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish engineer, chemist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. As you know, the Nobel Prize recognizes outstanding achievements in various fields in the arts and sciences.

Human Rights Day is a special day that celebrates the fundamental human rights to which every person is entitled. It is observed every year on December 10th and is a time to reflect on the progress that has been made in protecting human rights around the world. It is also a time to recommit to ensuring that all people are treated with dignity and respect.

The Anniversary of the Statute of Westminster is observed on December 11 every year. It is a nod to Canadian independence, commemorating a British law that was passed in 1931 as Canada’s final step toward independence from Britain. 

Our Lady of Guadalupe Day, on December 12, draws millions of Catholics every year from across Mexico and other countries to pay pilgrimage to see an image of Mary in the Basilica of Guadalupe. It is the site of her apparitions to Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatz in 1531, now the most visited Catholic site in the world.

St. Lucia Day is celebrated on December 13th in Sweden today and throughout Europe honoring Saint Lucia, one of the earliest Christian martyrs killed by the Romans in 304 CE because of her religious beliefs. In Scandinavian countries, each town elects its own St. Lucia. The festival begins with a parade led by the elected St. Lucia, who is followed by young girls dressed in white and wearing lighted wreaths on their heads and boys dressed in white pajama-like costume singing traditional songs. 

Las Posadas, celebrated yearly from December 16-24, is a religious festival traditionally held in Mexico and parts of Latin America. Translating to ‘The Inns’ in Spanish, Las Posadas is an important part of the Christmas festivities. Over the nine nights, parties are held at different people’s homes where the guests form a procession to mark Mary and Joseph’s search for an inn on the night of Jesus’s birth. 

Yule is celebrated on December 21 on the day of the winter solstice. It is the shortest day and longest night of the year, as the Sun gets its lowest elevation in the sky. Apart from the marking of a new season, the winter solstice also holds a significant symbol for the Sun. It appears to stand still on this day, making some believe that the Sun is going through a rebirth. The holiday also depicts several pagan beliefs, especially that of the Holly King handing over power to the Oak King, ushering in a new season of light.

Head to Brighton, England on December 21st to forget the past, look forward to the future and embrace the present. England’s Burning of the Clocks is a unique winter solstice festival where participants carry their hand-made paper “clock” lanterns throughout the city before burning them on the beach in an enormous bonfire symbolizing the end of the year.

December 21st through the 25th is Pancha Ganapati, celebrated by Hindus across the world!  Lord Ganesha, Patron of the Fine Arts and Guardian of Culture, is revered by Hindus who celebrate Pancha Ganapati. Sivaya Subramuniyaswami created Pancha Ganapati in 1985 as an alternative to Christmas for this time of year. For the five days leading up to Pancha Ganapati, each member of the family devotes themselves to individual spiritual practice. It is one of the Global December holidays that Indians look forward to – celebrate in new dresses, with festive fever, sweets, celebrations, and lots of gifts!

And while you’re in India, don’t forget to observe Farmers’ Day or Kisan Diwas on December 23. The day also celebrates the birth of the fifth Prime Minister of India, Chaudhary Charan Singh, who started as a farmer before entering politics. This day aims to promote awareness of the importance of farmers and their valuable contribution to India.

Festivus is on December 23 and it’s perfect for those who don’t have a traditional holiday to celebrate. Not everyone has a major holiday to celebrate like Christmas, Hanukkah, or Kwanzaa and may feel left out, so Dan O’Keefe invented one in 1966.  Dan later became a writer for Seinfeld and reintroduced this holiday on the show. This holiday gives many people a non-denominational and non-commercial holiday to call their own and a chance to ‘air grievances!’ Happy Festivus for the rest of us, as they say!

Christmas Eve takes place on December 24 as many families around the world await Christmas Day on the 25th.  For Christians around the world, Christmas is a deeply spiritual day celebrating the day on which Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born. And although many of our Christmas Day traditions evolved from that singular date, did you know that the Catholic Church previously designated January 6 as Jesus’ baptismal date and the correct date for Christmas? By the Middle Ages, Europeans created some of the Christmas customs we recognize today and during the 17th and 18th centuries, people started to give gifts as symbolic of the Magi arriving in Bethlehem with offerings for the newborn baby Jesus. Eventually, Christmas Day traditions spread beyond Europe to Latin and North America and other places around the world.

But Christmas is at the same time a celebration of friends and family, of giving gifts and being a little kinder to each other (for at least a few days). It’s also whimsical, wonderful and full of wonderment for many children around the world who await Santa Claus’ visit on Christmas Eve when he climbs down the chimneys of the world to leave presents for all the good boys and girls, just as St Nicholas did.  I love the whimsy of Christmas from ugly sweaters to watching Christmas movies to Christmas lights, eggnog and Christmas music!  My family enjoys Christmas Paella on Christmas Eve and Swiss Fondue on Christmas Day!

Hanukkah will be celebrated this year between December 25th and January 2nd 2025 with a rare overlap with Christmas this year! Hanukkah, also referred to as Chanukah or the Festival of Lights, celebrates the rededication of the second Jewish temple in Jerusalem. It also celebrates a miracle that happened during this time, where just a day’s supply of oil allowed the menorah in the re-dedicated Temple to remain lit for eight days!  This is not a major religious holiday, but it is the favorite of children worldwide. It is a time for candles, songs, traditional food (such as latkes) and gifts given each night to children to celebrate the eight days of Hanukkah. And we can’t forget the Dreidel - a four-sided spinning top that has an ancient history. The dreidel has four letters from the Hebrew alphabet, imprinted on each of its sides.-- Nun, Gimel, Hay, and Pay -- which stands for Nais Gadol Hayah Poh, or "a great miracle happened here."

Boxing Day is held every December 26th in many countries associated with the British empire. It started as a day to give gifts to the household staff of Britain’s upper classes but has morphed into a sort of shopping holiday of its own. In fact, it’s one of the most popular days to return Christmas gifts you don’t like to the stores (hopefully without the gift giver seeing you).

Boxing Day shares its day with St. Stephen’s Day (also called Wren Day in Ireland), which is one of two holidays widely observed in honor of St Stephen, a Christian deacon in Jerusalem who was known for his service to the poor and his status as the first Christian martyr (he was stoned to death in AD 36).

Heri Za Kwanzaa! Kwanzaa, celebrated from December 26 to January 1, is an African American and pan-African seven-day cultural holiday that celebrates family and community. During the holiday, families celebrate with feasts, music, and dance, and end the holiday with a day dedicated to reflection and recommitment to the seven principles.  The name Kwanzaa comes from the phrase “matunda ya kwanza” meaning “first fruits” in Swahili. Swahili is considered a pan-African language, and also happens to be the most widely spoken language in Africa. Basing the language of the holiday in Swahili represents unity throughout the African and Black communities.

Hogmanay is a Scottish word meaning “the last day of the year.” It’s celebrated in Scotland on New Year’s Eve when Scots host house parties and exchange gifts. The celebrations are often followed by parties on New Year’s Day. While the origins of Hogmanay are hard to pinpoint, its roots are thought to lie in Norse and Gaelic traditions

New Year’s Eve comes but once a year on December 31, the last day of the last month of what usually feels like the longest year ever. 2024 will likely remain challenging for many but let’s be optimistic that normalcy, logic, kindness, and decency return just a bit. 

Have a Happy December celebrating any or all of the traditions above!