FLUID MECHANICS

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. A fluid is a substance that cannot resist a shear stress by a static deflection and deforms continuously as long as the shear stress is applied. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics or the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics or the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications, including mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics, and biology. Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many problems that are partly or wholly unsolved. Commercial code based on numerical methods is used to solve the problems of fluid mechanics. The principles of these methods are developed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a modern discipline that is devoted to this approach to solve the aforementioned problems. Fluid mechanics is a fundamental field of physics that explores the behavior of fluids—both liquids and gases—and how they interact with forces. It encompasses two primary areas: fluid statics, which examines fluids at rest and involves concepts like pressure and buoyancy, and fluid dynamics, which studies fluids in motion and includes principles such as the continuity equation, Bernoulli’s principle, and the Navier-Stokes equations. Fluid mechanics also delves into viscosity, which describes a fluid's resistance to flow, and the different flow regimes, such as laminar and turbulent. It plays a crucial role in various applications, from designing efficient aircraft and ships to predicting weather patterns and optimizing industrial processes. Understanding these principles is essential for solving complex problems in engineering, meteorology, and many other fields.

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