COMPUTER NETWORKS:

Introduction

A computer network is a system that connects multiple computing devices to share resources, exchange data, and enable communication. Networks can range from small local connections to vast global systems like the internet. They play a crucial role in modern communication, business operations, and technology infrastructure.

Types of Computer Networks

1. Personal Area Network (PAN)

A small network covering a few meters, often for personal use.

Example: Bluetooth connections between smartphones and smartwatches.

2. Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects computers within a limited area, such as an office or school.

Example: Wi-Fi in homes and corporate offices.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Covers a city or a large campus, providing high-speed connectivity.

Example: Cable TV networks.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Spans large geographical areas, often connecting multiple LANs.

Example: The Internet.

5. Wireless Networks (WLAN, WWAN)

Uses wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi and 5G.

Example: Public Wi-Fi hotspots.

Key Components of Computer Networks

1. Nodes – Devices such as computers, routers, and servers.

2. Transmission Medium – Wired (Ethernet cables) or wireless (radio waves).

3. Network Devices – Routers, switches, and hubs that manage data flow.

4. Protocols – Rules for communication, such as TCP/IP and HTTP.

Objectives of Computer Networks

1. Resource Sharing – Enables sharing of files, printers, and internet connections.

2. Communication – Supports email, messaging, and video conferencing.

3. Scalability – Allows networks to grow and accommodate more devices.

4. Security – Protects data using firewalls, encryption, and access controls.

5. Reliability – Ensures data transmission with minimal downtime.

Applications of Computer Networks

Internet & Web Services – Browsing, cloud computing, and online streaming.

Business & E-commerce – Online transactions and remote work.

Education – E-learning platforms and virtual classrooms.

Healthcare – Telemedicine and medical record sharing.

Smart Cities – IoT-enabled infrastructure and surveillance systems.

Conclusion

Computer networks form the backbone of modern communication and technology. From personal devices to global enterprises, they facilitate data exchange, collaboration, and innovation. As technology advances, networks continue to evolve with faster speeds, improved security, and increased connectivity.#snsinstitutions#snsdesignthinkers#designthinking