What PHP design patterns improve the quality of a portfolio project?

Adopting MVC ensures clear code organization. Applying Dependency Injection enhances flexibility and testability. Utilizing the Repository Pattern abstracts data access, promoting a clean separation between business logic and storage in a PHP portfolio project.

Creates objects without specifying the exact class of the object that will be created. Useful when there is a need to centralize class creation logic or when the client code needs to be isolated from the details of object creation

Factory Pattern can be applied to scenarios where the creation of objects involves complex logic or when there is a possibility of needing to change, rename, or replace the class being instantiated in the future. However, it's important to note that using the factory pattern isn't always necessary, especially for simple scenarios where it may add unneeded complexity

The Factory Pattern is highly valuable in software design, offering dynamic object creation adaptable to different configurations. It reduces hard-coded dependencies, enhancing code flexibility. This pattern simplifies testing, promotes modularity, and aligns with modern development principles, making it a key strategy in efficient software engineering.

Exploring and adopting Builder allows you construct complex objects step by step. The pattern allows you to produce different types and representations of an object using the same construction code.

By using the Strategy Pattern, you can make your project more elegant, reusable, and maintainable. This pattern allows you to dynamically change the behavior of an object by encapsulating it into different strategies, providing flexibility and reusability. It enables you to define a family of algorithms, put each of them into a separate class, and make their objects interchangeable. This can lead to more modular and testable code, which is essential for a high-quality portfolio project.

A eficiência do padrão de Estratégia também depende da adesão ao princípio da responsabilidade única: cada estratégia deve ser coesa e concentrar-se em realizar uma tarefa específica. Isso não só simplifica a manutenção e a expansão de cada estratégia, mas também facilita a realização de testes unitários e de integração. A injeção de dependência é uma técnica valiosa aqui, por permitir fornecer diferentes estratégias ao contexto de forma desacoplada, aumentando a testabilidade e a flexibilidade do sistema. Além disso, uma documentação clara e uma nomenclatura consistente são cruciais para garantir que o sistema seja intuitivo e fácil de entender para outros desenvolvedores.

Defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable. Useful when you have a family of algorithms and want to make them interchangeable, or when you need to switch between algorithms dynamically.

Os padrões de estratégia são comumente usados para delegar comportamentos de acordo com contexto. Utiliza-los como por exemplo em projetos que demandem de regras de negócios específicas para objetos semelhantes ou co-relatos. Por exemplo cobrança de juros em tipos de Contas Bancárias, sendo corrente, poupança, empresarial e afins, nesse contexto o Strategy entra em campo, deixando dentro de uma interface os métodos e realizando a implementação específica das regras impostas pela interface dentro do objeto do contexto (objeto atual, classe concreta), fazendo uso do polimorfismo.

The Strategy Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows the interchangeability of a family of algorithms. It involves encapsulating each algorithm in a separate class with a common interface. Clients can dynamically choose algorithms without modifying their code. This pattern promotes code reuse, maintainability, and extensibility, making it valuable for scenarios requiring dynamic algorithm selection or evolving requirements.

The Observer Pattern can help to achieve the following benefits: -- Flexibility: The Observer Pattern allows for loosely coupled objects, which can be easily modified and reused without changing the core code. -- Scalability: The pattern can be used to handle multiple observers and subjects, making it suitable for large-scale projects. -- Maintainability: The Observer Pattern can help to improve the maintainability of the code by separating the concerns of the subject and the observers. By using the Observer Pattern, you can achieve a more modular and testable code, which is essential for a high-quality portfolio project.

Imagine que você está desenvolvendo um aplicativo de e-commerce avançado. Em um projeto de e-commerce, você utiliza o padrão do Observador para atualizar automaticamente vários componentes quando o status de um pedido muda. A classe Pedido é o sujeito, e componentes como a interface do usuário, o sistema de notificação por e-mail e o gerenciamento de inventário são os observadores. Eles se inscrevem no Pedido e recebem atualizações automáticas sempre que o status do pedido muda. Isso mantém a interface do usuário sincronizada com o estado real dos pedidos, envia e-mails automaticamente e atualiza o estoque.

Defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically Useful when you have an object (subject) that needs to notify multiple other objects (observers) about its state changes.

The Observer Pattern establishes a one-to-many dependency between objects. In this design, a subject maintains a list of observers notified of any state changes, promoting loose coupling. This pattern is widely used in scenarios where changes in one object should trigger actions in others without tight coupling, fostering modularity and flexibility in the system's design. It is commonly employed in event handling systems, user interfaces, and situations requiring distributed communication mechanisms for more maintainable and extensible code.

Attaches additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality Useful when you need to add or alter the behavior of objects without modifying their code directly

The decorator pattern is a good alternative to subclasses, but you need to be very careful because the code can quickly become more complex if several levels of decorators are stacked.

Ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it. Useful when you want to control access to a single instance of a class and when that instance needs to be shared across the application

Fazendo a combinação do Singleton com o Multiton Pattern, potencializa, por exemplo o uso de múltiplas instâncias de Singletons, como exemplo, quando queremos que nossa aplicação tenha múltiplas instâncias de “n” configurações.

I find singletons very useful. I feel almost ashamed of using them though; they feel a little like cheating. Like they're too handy or too global.

Singleton : Garantit qu’une classe n’a qu’une seule instance et fournit un point d’accès global à celle-ci. Un exemple simple : class Singleton { // Maintenir l'instance de la classe. private static $instance = null; // Le constructeur est privé // pour empêcher l'initiation avec du code externe. private function __construct() { // la connexion à la base de données se passe ici. } // L'objet est créé à partir de la classe elle-même // seulement si la classe n'a pas d'instance. public static function getInstance() { // Si il y'à aucune instance en la créer if (self::$instance == null) { self::$instance = new Singleton(); } return self::$instance; } }

Note that design patterns are less prevalent in more expressive programming languages, since their presence is usually a symptom of deficient abstraction facilities leading to more manual code writing. Indeed, design patterns are perhaps best understood as a form of manual compilation by programmers. As an example, Lisp macros, unfortunately missing in most programming languages, are a simple but powerful facility enabling one to formally define many would-be "design patterns" once and for all, and thereafter simply invoke them by name with some parameters, in a way similar to functions. Another example is the Visitor Pattern, which is absent in Common Lisp since Generic Functions allow to dispatch on the classes of multiple arguments.