number-theory

410+ posts

Last Updated: 13 December 2023

Given a number to find the first and last digit of a number.Examples:Input : 12345 Output : First digit: 1 last digit : 5Input : 985 ...read more

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number-digits

number-theory

DSA

Fermat's little theorem

Last Updated: 20 February 2025

Fermat's little theorem states that if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, the number a p - a is an integer multiple of p.Here p is ...read more

Program to find sum of first n natural numbers

Last Updated: 07 March 2025

Given a number n, find the sum of the first n natural numbers.Examples :Input: n = 3Output: 6Explanation: Note that 1 + 2 + 3 = 6Input : 5O ...read more

Basic Coding Problems

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Modulo 10^9+7 (1000000007)

Last Updated: 28 November 2022

In most programming competitions, we are required to answer the result in 10^9+7 modulo. The reason behind this is, if problem constraints a ...read more

Mathematical

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RSA Algorithm in Cryptography

Last Updated: 06 January 2025

RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) Algorithm is an asymmetric or public-key cryptography algorithm which means it works on two different keys: Publi...read more

cryptography

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How to prepare for ACM - ICPC?

Last Updated: 25 May 2023

ACM ICPC(Association for Computing Machinery - International Collegiate Programming Contest) is a worldwide annual multi-tiered programming ...read more

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Top 10 Algorithms and Data Structures for Competitive Programming

Last Updated: 10 September 2024

In this post, we will discuss Important top 10 algorithms and data structures for competitive coding.Topics :Graph algorithmsDynamic program...read more

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Primality Test | Set 3 (Miller–Rabin)

Last Updated: 14 November 2022

Given a number n, check if it is prime or not. We have introduced and discussed School and Fermat methods for primality testing.Primality Te ...read more

Introduction to Primality Test and School Method

Last Updated: 13 February 2025

Given a positive integer, check if the number is prime or not. A prime is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors othe ...read more

Modular multiplicative inverse

Last Updated: 11 October 2024

Given two integers A and M, find the modular multiplicative inverse of A under modulo M.The modular multiplicative inverse is an integer X s ...read more

Euler's Totient Function

Last Updated: 24 February 2025

Euler's Totient function Φ(n) for an input n is the count of numbers in {1, 2, 3, ..., n-1} that are relatively prime to n, i.e., the numbe...read more

Find the Factorial of a large number

Last Updated: 26 March 2025

Factorial of a non-negative integer, is the multiplication of all integers smaller than or equal to n. Examples:Input: 100Output: 9332621544...read more

Excel column name from a given column number

Last Updated: 27 April 2025

MS Excel columns have a pattern like A, B, C, …, Z, AA, AB, AC, …., AZ, BA, BB, … ZZ, AAA, AAB ..... etc. In other words, column 1 is ...read more

Lexicographic rank of a String

Last Updated: 21 April 2025

Given a string str, find its rank among all its permutations when sorted lexicographically.Note: The characters in string are all unique.Exa ...read more

Sieve of Eratosthenes

Last Updated: 17 March 2025

Given a number n, print all primes smaller than or equal to n. It is also given that n is a small number.Examples:Input: n = 10Output: 2 3 5...read more

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