Difference between OT and IT networks

It has become critical in today’s diverse interconnected networks to distinguish between Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT). Both hold immense importance in the working of modern industries but both work in different capacities and in different arenas. In this article, the reader will get to understand what both OT and IT networks are, the similarities and differences, the benefits and drawbacks, and where the two meet when it comes to industries.

What is an (OT) Operational Technology Network?

OT or Operational technology is a category of a computing system that processes operational data such as telecommunication, technical components, and computers and it is used to monitor devices, various industrial processes, and some of the industry events and accordingly make adjustments if required in an industry or enterprise.

In other words, OT uses a combination of software and hardware which can be used to perform real-time operations to detect if there is any change occurred during the whole process which can be done by directly controlling the industrial equipment and some of the enterprise's events which make them reliable and increase their rate of availability and reliability.

OT systems ensure the safety of industrial operations by continually monitoring them and also help to support infrastructure such as manufacturing, defense utilities, etc. OT network works at the industrial level to process the operational data of any organization.

Advantages of OT Networks

• Real-Time Control: OT networks are intended to offer real-time control and visibility, which is mandatory for secure and tempo-sensitive industrial processes.
• Reliability: OT systems are constructed to be resilient and fail safe so that it will continue running for extended durations without halting.
• Customization: Major OT networks are thus designed and developed uniquely to meet the requirements of several industrial processes.

Disadvantages of OT Networks

• Limited Flexibility: OT networks its self are typically very specific and less elastic than IT networks, thus creating a challenge when it comes to integration with newer technologies.
• Security Risks: Earlier, OT networks were ‘Air Gapped,’ implying that they were not physically connected or had minimal physical connection with other networks especially IT networks but with the integration of OT networks with IT networks these are exposed to cyber threats.
• High Cost: The installation and other related service of OT systems are not cheap since they are considered specialty systems.

What is (IT) Information Technology?

IT or Information Technology deals with the systems mainly computers and telecommunication for performing various operations like for giving input, for storing, recovering, transmitting, manipulating and protecting data or information so that data can be exchanged among different organizations.

IT Network encompasses hardware (computers, physical servers, and network equipment), software (operating systems, applications), and peripheral equipment. Instead of performing a static set of functions, IT can be adjusted and re-programmed in so many different ways to fulfill the evolving and changing applications, business requirements and user needs. IT network in any industry is used to manage the computer systems and companies data in a more secure way.

Advantages of IT Networks

• Scalability: IT networks are highly flexible and can accommodate a fast growing business from the small business to the large business.
• Flexibility: IT networks are very adaptable to variety of applications such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence among others.
• Integration: All the IT networks are required to incorporate other technologies and platforms to enhance the compatibility of the network and to share the data.

Disadvantages of IT Networks

• Security Concerns: IT networks are one of the mostly targeted areas of cyber attackers; therefore, such areas call for regular update and review.
• Complexity: The larger IT networks expand, the harder they are to manage and it more often calls for one to hire gurus and equipment to run them.
• Downtime: The enterprise IT networks have the risk of facing down time due to many reasons or causes like software, hardware problems or even cyber threats.

Difference Between OT Network and IT Network

Conclusion

OT and IT networks have significance significance in contemporary industries despite the fact that they present different advantages and challenges. As for OT network, it is responsible for the management and supervision of processes physically while for IT networks the flexibility and ability to expand to suit business operations are provided. OT and IT networks are increasingly merging in industries with growing complexity and thus, need a proper balance of both systems.