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Difference Between Chromatin And Chromosomes

Last Updated : 10 Oct, 2023
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Chromatin and Chromosomes are two forms of DNA found in different stages of the human body's cells. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins which results in the formation of a nucleosome. Multiple nucleosomes join together to form chromatin. It is the least condensed form of DNA.

A chromosome, on the other hand, is the most condensed structure of the DNA double helix found inside the nucleus. The DNA in chromosomes is coiled around nuclear proteins and histones, allowing the DNA to be condensed.

Table of Content

Difference Between Chromatin and Chromosomes 

The difference between chromatin and chromosomes are as follows:

CharacteristicsChromatinChromosome
DefinitionIt is made up of DNA, RNA and special proteins. These proteins are called histones. A highly compact form of DNA ound wrapped around histone proteins.
PresenceIt is present throughout the cell cycle.It is clearly visible and found during cell division as highly condensed structures.
Visibility Chromatin is visualized through an Electron microscope. A Chromosome is visualized through a Light microscope.
AppearanceIt is long,thin and threadlike and is usually extendedIt is compact, thick, and rod shaped. It is found during cell division.
PairsIt is unpaired.It exists in pairs.
FunctionsIt helps in gene regulation and gene expression.

Chromosomes help in the segregation of the gene pool and also store genetic information.

ObservableIt can be seen in the Interphase stage of the cell cycle .It is seen in the M-phase or nuclear division.
DNA packagingDNA is packed loosely, allowing Transcription.DNA is tightly packed, preventing Transcription.

What is Chromatin?

Chromatin is a vital element of a cell's nucleus, it is essential for the storage, access, and control of genetic information. It is a complicated structure made up of DNA that has been wrapped up in unique proteins called Histones. The combination of DNA and histones results in a dynamic and flexible substance that resembles beads strung together.

What are Chromosomes?

The distinguishable elements of the cell, renowned for their distinctive appearance throughout cell division, are the chromosomes. They are essential for the organisation, storage, and transmission of genetic information in all living things.

Conclusion

In conclusion, chromatin acts as a bridge between the DNA that makes up the genetic building blocks and the meticulously ordered chromosomes that are visible during cell division. Untangling the complexity of gene regulation and cellular function requires an understanding of chromatin.

Chromatin and chromosome are two forms of DNA double-helix structures that arise in distinct stages of the cell. The primary distinction between chromatin and chromosome is in their density and role during the cell cycle.

In conclusion, chromosomes are the hereditary information's carriers and ensure that it is distributed correctly during cell division. They are essential to the functioning of living things as well as to inheritance and development.


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