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Table of topic groups > Front page of CSS-guide > Guide pages > 5. What is the processing order of CSS (introsection)

5. What is the processing order of CSS

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In order to construct CSS-files it is necessary to understand, in which order browsers should read CSS-properties.

CSS

In principle there are three types of style sheets:

  1. UA style sheets (UA = User Agent = browser or other application, which use style sheets). In question is primary about the own definitions of applications, if there is not any style sheet defined. In fact this means primary understanding of ordinary HTML 3.2 or HTML 4.0 level elements and attributes. Browsers have a little bit different default settings. Browsers can also support some CSS-properties, which can use in all Web-pages. It is possible to define in MS IE 5.x+ to links the property hover. It has the same meaning as the pseudo-class :hover. Saved definitions creates a certain kind of UA style sheet. Mozilla Gecko browsers use actual UA CSS, because they define default HTML-setting by CSS in /res/html.css and /res/html.css (also Opera use UA CSS in non-HTML implementations; I handle UA CSS related properties in an extra page[S]). Own default settings of browsers are used, if any CSS-properties are not especially defined.

    In general other way defined CSS-properties override UA style sheets and HTML-attributes. There are however some exceptions, which I tell in another connections. In the rules, how browsers override HTML-attributes, are some differences between browsers. Authors should know them, if they want to create pages, which look out as much as possible the same in various browsers.
  1. User style sheets. They mean style sheets, which the user creates to the user agent. It is in theory possible to create CSS-properties to all wow-documents by feeding the path of the CSS-file to the UA (I handle the usage of user style sheets in an extra page[S]).
  1. Author style sheets. Those means just all CSS, which the author has defined to the document. The relation of the author style sheets to the users style sheet is in practise user agent dependent. In principle this relation can be controlled with the important rule. By using that rule some individual properties can be set to have an exceptional weight (I explain the usage more thoroughly at the end of this page). According to the CSS1 the priority is author style sheet and according to CSS2 user style sheets.
W3C: CSS2: 6.4.2 !important rules[S][Pw].

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