Comment comparez-vous la programmation front-end et back-end ?

Front end development involves two types of skills. First, and more common, is a JavaScript (or TypeScript) expertise, and great knowledge of some front-end libraries like React, and libraries around it (ex: Redux). I have seen many great senior devs, who bet their career on one library and its ecosystem. Second skill, is a good knowledge of CSS,HTML and ability to create advanced UI elements with beautiful animations etc (or even 3d). But, most businesses are some kind of enterprise software, platform or a web app, usually they don't have advanced UI requirements, therefore, most front-end positions do not require advanced CSS skills. Also there are great CSS util libraries that simplify work (ex TailwindCSS).

Front-end programming, also known as client-side development, is the practice of creating the user interface and user experience of a website or web application. Front-end developers use languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build and design the visual elements of a website, including layout, colors, fonts, interactive features, and more. Their primary focus is on what the end-user interacts with directly in their web browser. Front-end scripts can be visible in the source whereas back-end is not.We can manipulate the DOM and debug it Front-end developers work to ensure that websites and web applications are visually appealing, responsive across different devices and screen sizes, and provide a seamless and intuitive user experience.

I agree with the common understanding that Front-End is the development of what the final user sees, but I would also say it is more than that. In the gaming industry, as a front-end developer, you will not only work on UI and gameplay logic, but will also develop tools that will improve the whole team productivity. You will empower designers, artists, animators, motion designers, UX specialists and other non engineers in your team to integrate stuff and do their jobs properly with minimal or no need for engineering work. As you grow more senior into your career you will also have to align and define communication protocols with the back-end team to make sure everything works as expected on both ends.

I think that front-end development requires not only technical skills, but also a genuine intuition to drive user experience into a useful experience. More than often, user has no real understanding of what they want or how they expect the app will work. So, you need to be empathetic and help the user to discover the best possible way to deliver an app behavior. That requires some specific skills that not everyone has.

Previously, the frontend was mainly responsible for rendering ready-made html pages. Now, in some cases, this is a full-stack job: for example, in Next.In some cases, JS suggests completely abandoning the backend and making direct requests to databases, making them "server-side" and hiding them from the consumer That is, you need to understand how databases work, be able to write CRUD yourself, and be able to protect sensitive data And yet: it is likely that you will be asked to write native applications through a tool such as React-Native

Backend programming deals with the part of the app behind the user interaction part like when the user clicks a button or tries to do a transaction then the result that the user gets like the next page based on the user's role/profile or the processing of it's transaction which means debiting the money from the account and buying the item for which the user did the transaction.

Undoubtedly we have all found websites in various states ranging from "look great, but don't really function" to "Does some really cool stuff, but is clunky and hard to use". Front-end and back-end are equally important when the end goal is having a website that visually engages the user, is intuitively usable and successfully provides the intended service or information.

The very core of back end programming lies in the concepts of problem solving. A good backend programmer would have multiple things in his/her mind namely: - Is the solution optimised? - Is the solution scalable? - Is the solution secure? With these in mind, a backend programmer can pick any of the programming languages of choice (Java, NodeJS, Python, Ruby etc) and come up with a solution for a given problem. So my answer to "what is backend programming" is more around the ability to solve a problem in an optimised, secure and scalable manner. Yes it involves server side coding for secured communication, storing data, optimised data retrieval, creating apis for frontend consumption etc.

Back-end development is a hidden wonderland, offering a rich tapestry of programming languages, with Java and Python wearing the crowns. To the front-end nobility, there's also Node.js and Dart native as a bridge to this realm. The work is often like crafting a complex puzzle in solitude for weeks, with little to say at meetings, while everyone cheers for the front-end's new button hue. The entry barrier stands tall, the salary range stretches wide, and there’s no glass ceiling in sight, unlike the front-end domain. Be prepared to decipher the cryptic codes left by the enigmatic predecessors—a common rite of passage for back-end sorcerers.

Back-end programming is the practice of creating the server-side of a website or application. It is the part of web development that deals with the behind-the-scenes elements of a website. Back-end programming is responsible for creating the functionality of a website, as well as its performance.

Front-end is like a rock band's lead singer—always in the spotlight with flashy HTML and CSS riffs, while back-end is the mysterious drummer, hidden behind servers and databases but running the whole show. Front-end devs dazzle with sleek designs and seamless interactions; it’s all about that pixel-perfect performance. Back-end devs, in contrast, are the wizards conjuring spells in Python and Java, ensuring the magic happens every time a user clicks. Front-end demands design savvy and a knack for user-centric pomp, while back-end requires a love for logic puzzles and a penchant for backend wizardry. Front-end is the show, back-end is the soul, and they harmonize to create web symphonies.

I wouldn't say that front-end developer has to have good eye on design. If it is a client facing app, then most likely there will be UX/UI designer. On a front-end JavaScript is a king, so for sure you will use it. On a backend, there are many options. Dynamic languages like Ruby, Python or compiled ones like Java, Go. System can be built as one unit (aka monolith) or as a distributed set of services (aka micro-services). Back-end development may require better skills in algorithms and data structures as business logic and data mostly handled there. But it doesn't mean front-end is easy. Also, these days front-end area has so many libraries and tools. So it may be hard to chose one.

Though both frontend and backend requires a lot of programming. Frontend usually differ from backend in terms of visuals. Frontend requires a keen eye for design and the ability to think like the users. The greatest challenge for frontend design is to make things responsive because your Web App or Web Page looks completely different on different viewports. A good frontend app is just as functional, good looking and friendly on each device. Backend on the other hand requires thorough algorithms and data structuring. Security is a major challenge for the backend. Backend is responsible for storing sensitive information such as user's password or even money.

Front-end programming requires skills such as: Design: Front-end HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: These are the three main technologies used in front-end development. HTML is used to structure a webpage’s content, CSS is used to style it, and JavaScript is used to create interactive elements. Accessibility On the other hand, back-end programming requires skills such as: Server-side languages: Back-end developers need to know server-side languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, PHP, and Node.js. Databases: Back-end developers need to know how to manage data storage and retrieval using databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Oracle. APIs Security

Front-end programming requires skills in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, UX design, and cross-browser compatibility, while back-end programming demands proficiency in server-side languages, database management, API development, security, and problem-solving. Both roles contribute distinct expertise to create well-rounded web applications.

Front-end and back-end programming use distinct sets of tools: Front-end Tools: 1. Code Editors: Popular choices include Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, or WebStorm. 2. Frameworks/Libraries: React, Angular, Vue.js for UI development. 3. Package Managers: npm (Node Package Manager) for JavaScript package management. 4. CSS Preprocessors: SASS or LESS for enhanced CSS capabilities. Back-end Tools: 1. IDEs/Text Editors: Editors like Visual Studio Code, PyCharm, Eclipse, or IntelliJ IDEA. 2. Back-end Frameworks: Express.js (Node.js), Django (Python), Ruby on Rails, etc. 3. API Development: Postman, Swagger for designing and testing APIs. 4. Server Deployment: Platforms like AWS, Azure, Heroku, or Docker for deploying server applications.

This entire section is a bit confused and unfocused. All programmers use editors and IDEs and APIs, and it’s odd to even put these in the same breath as browsers, compilers, ORM, and caching.

Front-end programming tools include: Text editors: Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, and Atom. CSS preprocessors: Sass, Less, and Stylus. JavaScript frameworks and libraries: React, Angular, and Vue.js. Testing tools: Jest, Mocha, and Jasmine. On the other hand, back-end programming tools include: Integrated development environments (IDEs): Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and Visual Studio. Server-side frameworks: Ruby on Rails, Django, Flask, and Express.js. Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Oracle. API development tools: Used to create APIs that allow different parts of an application to communicate with each other. Some popular API development tools include Postman, Swagger, and Insomnia.

Object relational mappers (ORMs) provide an abstraction layer between relational databases and object oriented programming. Any time an application performs some kind of a CRUD operation (i.e Create, Read, Update, Delete), it must interact with data stored in a database. ORMs provide a way to use code to write those queries in a simpler way than using raw SQL. The developer can use the methods provided by the particular ORM to interact with the database, and this code will be transformed into raw SQL queries behind the scenes. Advantages of ORMs include code that is more concise, simpler to write, and easier to implement, since we can interact with our database using language-native data objects without ever having to even touch raw SQL.

Both sides use IDE's or editors like VSCode, IntelliJ, Vim. Backend devs also use some database related tools (PgAdmin, MySQL IDE or DataGrip), container/orchestration tools (Docker, Kubernetes) etc. Front end devs use browser and its dev tools like: inspector, debugger etc. Both sides for sure use version control system such as Git.

Front-end and back-end programming have distinct tasks: Front-End Programming Tasks: -Designing and developing the user interface (UI) -Implementing design elements for user interaction -Ensuring website compatibility across different browsers -Optimizing web pages for maximum speed and scalability Back-End Programming Tasks: -Building and maintaining servers, databases, and applications -Ensuring seamless data flow from back-end to front-end -Implementing security measures and data protection -Creating server-side logic to power site functionality Together, they create a complete web application.

Front-end programming tasks include: Design: Front-end HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: These are the three main technologies used in front-end development. HTML, CSS, JavaScript Accessibility Performance: Websites need to load quickly and be responsive. On the other hand, back-end programming tasks include: Server-side languages: Back-end developers need to know server-side languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, PHP, and Node.js. Databases: Back-end developers need to know how to manage data storage and retrieval using databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Oracle. APIs: Back-end developers need to know how to create APIs that allow different parts of an application to communicate with each other. Security

They have to design the layout, style, and behavior of the web pages, as well as implement the features and functionality that users expect. This part of not always true. In my company for instance we have a dedicated design team. FE team transforms prototypes into actual UI code.

Frontend does mainly what a user can see and interact with. Backend programming does things the user cannot see, logic on the website.

Actually, I disagree with the notion that front-end developers are solely responsible for user experience while back-end developers focus only on server-side logic. In modern development practices, both roles often overlap. For instance, back-end developers need to be aware of user experience when considering load times, so they might optimize database queries or implement caching. Similarly, front-end developers, while primarily working on the interface, might need to implement logic that interacts with server-side APIs, ensuring smooth data flow. This blurring of lines underscores the importance of collaboration between front-end and back-end teams to deliver a holistic user experience.

One big difference is the level of responsibility that the programmer has. In the back-end, a security mistake can turn the world upside down. A system that's not built well will cause problems in the long term and cause down time. While the front-end is also important and can break the user interface, the impact is much lower and the underlying back-end systems will still work. Of course a badly done front-end can drive away customers by being too slow and not working as expected, and even pose some security threats. But it's a breeze compared with a bad back-end, imagine your user's data being stolen, web app downtime, payments and emails not going through. The back-end developer has more responsibility on his shoulders.

The world of programming, both front-end and back-end, is full of curiosity and adventure. In front-end programming, the adventure lies in crafting an engaging user experience. The curiosity is in exploring new design trends, experimenting with different layouts, animations, and interactive elements to see how users respond. It’s like being a digital artist with a canvas that millions of people can interact with. Back-end programming, on the other hand, is like being an explorer in a vast landscape of data and logic. The adventure is in architecting robust and scalable systems, solving complex problems, and finding efficient ways to handle data. Both front-end and back-end programming offer endless opportunities for learning and growth.

Front-end Challenges: 1. Browser Compatibility: Ensuring consistent rendering and functionality across various browsers. 2. Responsive Design: Designing for multiple device sizes and orientations. 3. Performance Optimization: Minimizing page load times. 4. Cross-Device Compatibility: Ensuring a seamless experience on desktops, tablets and smartphones. Back-end Challenges: 1. Scalability: Designing for handling increased traffic and data volume. 2. Data Integrity: Ensuring data consistency and reliability in database operations. 3. Performance Optimization: Optimizing server code and database queries. 5. Authentication and Authorization: Implementing secure user access control. 6. Database Management: Efficiently storing and retrieving data.

Front-end and back-end programming offer unique challenges in the realm of web development. Front-end developers focus on crafting visually appealing, consistent, and smooth interfaces across devices. Their canvas blends aesthetics with functionality, where even minor hiccups can affect user engagement. Conversely, back-end developers delve into the digital foundation, managing data, ensuring security, and building scalable systems. A slip here can risk data breaches or system crashes. Together, both aim to ensure a seamless, secure, and efficient online experience.

Backend challenges: - High traffic or high data throughput, so they need to make system scalable. - Large codebase and amount of business processes, at some point, it can be hard to implement new features, as current state of the codebase or database may not allow developers easily make changes. Frontend challenges: - Complex UX/UI, with high amount of elements on the screen, although mostly this is not the case, unless you are developing UI of the Facebook or Figma magnitude. - Complex architecture. Probably here most developers would not agree with me, but I believe most web apps are over engineered. Too complex setup with tons of libraries and complex patterns is common. Good luck working with them😅

Your back-end will only be as good as your front-end. No matter how well secured and structured your back-end is, if the front-end is slow, ugly, and no one's using it, it is no better than a cart without the horse. Consider your front-end as your weakest link. Invest in learning basic user experience design to gain user interest, trust, and retention. And if possible, learn your framework's concepts, tips, and tricks - especially the life cycle - so you can iterate fast and develop with lesser bugs.

While it is noteworthy that there are significant differences in skills and tooling between front-end and back-end, it is also important to remember that the skills and tools needed to be productive as a programmer evolve quickly. I submit that it is more important for a programmer to be able to adapt to the context of the solution space, and learn unfamiliar things quickly. The fundamentals of programming don't change as quickly. For example, knowledge of what makes code fast, i.e. what makes algorithms slow; how encryption works; the basics of computer networking; and how memory and cpus interact are all things that are all applicable across the stack. Knowing tools is great, but knowing fundamentals is better b/c you can always learn.

In summary, both front-end and back-end programming are integral parts of web development, each with its own set of responsibilities and challenges. A well-coordinated effort between front-end and back-end teams is crucial for building robust and successful web applications.

Even if you have already chosen a side, at least try to know the basics and regularly check some new technologies from the other side, so that you can keep up with the latest trends and it will be easier to communicate with the other teams and understand them.

IMO every developer should know the bit of both enough to realise projects single-handedly. With Node.js, nowadays a Javascript developer can easily become a full stack developer. A 360° knowledge of the platform will help any developer to hone their skills, deliver quality code and increase their market value.