Was sind die besten Web-Frameworks zum Erstellen von RESTful- oder GraphQL-APIs?

RESTful API stands for Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface. It is a software architectural style that defines a set of constraints to be used for creating web services. Key principles of a RESTful API include: 1. Stateless 2. Client-Server 3. Cacheable 4. Uniform Interface In a RESTful API, basic HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE can be used to perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on the data. These APIs are typically used to interact with web services in a way that can be easily understood by humans.

The main features of GraphQL are: 1. Ability to ask for exactly what you need: GraphQL queries access not just the properties of one resource but also smoothly follow references between them. 2. Fetching many resources in a single request: GraphQL queries support efficient and powerful collections, which allow a client to get all the data it needs in a single request. 3. Strong type system: GraphQL APIs are organized in terms of types and fields. A GraphQL server is powered by a type system which is used to determine what to do next. 4. Real-time Subscriptions: GraphQL supports real-time updates with subscriptions, pushing updates to any number of clients who have expressed interest in that data.

In comparison to RESTful APIs, GraphQL APIs can be more efficient because they allow for data aggregation in a single request as opposed to making multiple roundtrips to fetch data from multiple endpoints. However, they can also be more complex to design and require a different mindset compared to traditional REST APIs.

Honestly, in several cases I can see using both. While GraphQL can certainly take the place of RESTful APIs, there is also a use case to have GraphQL as the main layer that the UI communicates with and then the GraphQL can communicate between the UI and several RESTful APIs thereby simplifying the interaction of the UI against the APIs. Ultimately it depends on the project, in many projects that I have personally worked on GraphQL made no sense because it felt like an unnecessary layer between the UI and the RESTful API, but again, for more complex projects involving multiple languages and APIs, GraphQL makes more sense because it can simplify the interaction between the UI and the APIs.

There are many different frameworks that can be done RESTful and a few that are built that way. In PHP, I have used Laravel, CodeIgniter, Phalcon, Symfony, CakePHP and a few others, in each case they can be used in a RESTful manner with a few of the stronger frameworks like Laravel that are true RESTful APIs. In Python you obviously have Django and Flask. In C# you have a few different options to implement RESTful APIs. RESTful APIs aren't so much tied to a specific framework so much as it is an ideaology or a way of building the API. The idea behind RESTful is simply that the UI should send all information in a request to the API that will allow the API to complete the request without additional calls being needed.

Use the RESTful frameworks that make sense, but if you decide on a framework and it has a built in ORM (object resource model), USE THE ORM!! Take Laravel for instance, Laravel has a very robust ORM called Eloquent that in and of itself I believe is used in a couple other frameworks, it is very powerful and while it takes a minute to learn - and it can be tempting to just write the SQL by hand - use the ORM! One of the biggest things that an ORM does for you is prevent SQL injection attacks where a hacker figures out that a certain call uses SQL and then injects custom SQL into said call to gain access to your data or to export data directly using SQL calls. ORMs will prevent this by sanitizing information coming into the query.